出口会扩大企业内工资差距吗?——基于工人议价能力视角的实证研究

Will Export Expand the Wage Gap in Enterprise? An Empirical Study from the Perspective of Bargaining Power of Workers

笔者在异质性企业理论框架下,引入工人议价能力差异假设,分析企业出口集约边际对企业内技术和非技术工人之间工资差距的影响。我们在理论分析基础上,结合中国工业企业数据测度了企业内技术与非技术工人工资差距指标,并采用系统GMM方法对模型结论进行了验证。研究表明:在控制时间、行业和区位特征的情形下,随着企业出口占比的增加,企业内技术与非技术工人工资差距会进一步扩大。这一结论不受异常样本点和出口密集度高低的影响,且研究发现低出口密集度的企业出口活动对企业工资差距的扩大作用更强。本研究成果对于外贸政策的调整具有重要启示意义,近年来政府鼓励企业出口,而本文的研究则发现企业出口规模的增长会在一定程度上扩大国内的收入差距,因此政府在制定相关贸易政策时,应当注重对贸易收益进行适当的二次分配,注重贸易结构的转型升级,增加技能培训和教育资源的投入,以保障我国对外贸易的可持续发展。

Under the framework of heterogeneous enterprise theory,the paper introduces the difference of bargaining power of workers,and then analyzes the influence of the export intensive margin on the wage gap between technical and non-technical workers. Based on the theoretical analysis,the paper uses micro enterprise data and the system GMM to verify the conclusions of the model. The research shows that the increase in the export intensity will expand the wage gap controlling characteristics of time,industry and location. The conclusions are not affected by the abnormal sample points and export intensity,and it is found that the export activities of enterprises with low export intensity have stronger effects on the wage gap. This paper has important implications for trade policy adjustment,that is,the government encourages enterprises to export,while our study shows that the growth of export scale will expand the gap of income. Therefore,the government should focus on trade profits redistribution and trade structure transformation,and increase inputs of skill training and education,to ensure the sustainable development of international trade.