化解劳资冲突过程的微观分析——来自基层工会的比较

Microscopic Analysis of the Process of Resolving Labor Conflicts: Based on the Compare of Grass-roots Unions

如何有效处理以工人罢工为主要形式的劳资冲突事件,是构建和谐劳动关系必须面对的基本问题,也是中国工会面临的时代挑战。2010年发生的罢工潮是中国劳资冲突研究的热点,但是作为罢工事件的直接应对者,基层工会在处理事件过程中的作用却很少被认真分析和总结。本文通过案例比较分析发现:尽管罢工说明企业工会缺乏维护工人合法权益的有效性,但是具有代表性的企业工会更有助于有效化解劳资冲突事件。据此本文进一步提出:中国工会的运作基础由工会代表性、有效性和合法性共同构成,通过提高代表性和重塑有效性来维持工会的合法性是中国工会运作的基本逻辑。

It＇s a basic question of building harmonious labor relations that how to resolve the strike as the main form of labor conflicts, which is also the challenge that China trade unions have to face. Strike wave in 2010 is Chinese labor conflicts research hotspot, but grass-roots union as the direct responder to labor conflicts has been little noticed and discussed. By comparing two cases, we find though strike means the enterprise unions lack the effectiveness of protecting workers, the enterprise unions with representativeness can help to resolve labor conflicts effectively. Based on this finding, we further suggest that the operational basis of China trade unions are constituted by representativeness, effectiveness and legitimacy of union, increasing representativeness and reshaping effectiveness can maintain the legitimacy, which is also the basic operational logic of China trade unions.