《徐霞客游记》中的僧侣饮食

Monks' Diet in Xu Xiake's Travels

《徐霞客游记》表明:晚明时期,寺院是旅人重要的食宿之地,但通常要付费,也可借用其厨房自炊。僧侣饮茶且客来敬茶,并有茶亭施茶的善行。僧侣多素食,但个别地方的僧侣食酒肉,应该是所持宗教戒律不同。某些寺院有养畜现象,有的是收养的放生畜,有的是役畜。有些寺院有寺田,或自耕或租佃,不少僧侣都亲自参与食物生产。

Xu Xiake＇s Travel indicates that in late Ming dynasty,monasteries were opened to travelers to have meals and sleep,usually this kind of services needed to be paid,but also you can use the kitchen and cook yourself. Monks drank teas and provided to the coming guests. Monks usually only ate vegetables,but in some places,not common,they drank wines and eat meat as well,in term of different disciplines. Some monasteries raise livestock,including captured animals freed by charitable people and the one used to be served for farming and construction. Many monasteries had farmlands,some were cultivated by the monks and the rest were rent out to the local farmers,lots of monks were involved in cultivation.