不同间作模式对茶树光合生理及茶叶品质的影响

Effects of Different Intercropping Patterns on Photosynthetic Physiology Characteristics of Tea Plants and Tea Quality

以单作茶园为对照,以四川省雅安市名山区的杉树间作茶园、梨树间作茶园和桂花间作茶园为研究对象,对各茶园土壤养分含量、茶树光合生理指标和茶叶主要生化成分进行了测定。结果表明,除了杉树间作茶园的有效磷、有效钾含量和梨树间作茶园的全钾含量低于单作茶园外,其余指标均为间作茶园高于单作茶园。梨树间作茶园的蒸腾速率和气孔导度较高,都显著高于单作茶园,分别比单作茶园高25%和36%;其他茶园与单作茶园差异不显著。各间作茶园的水浸出物、游离氨基酸、咖啡碱、水溶性碳水化合物和儿茶素总量均高于单作茶园,而茶多酚含量及酚氨比均低于单作茶园。说明间作能提高茶园土壤的有机质含量、改善和保持土壤肥力、提高茶树的光合生理指标,从而改善茶叶品质。

Experiments were carried out with mono-cropping tea garden and tea garden intercropping with Cunninghamia lanceolata, pear trees and Osmanthus fragrans Lour in Mingshan District of Ya＇an city in Sichuan province. Soil nutrient content, photosynthetic physiological indexes of tea tree and main biochemical components of tea leaves were determined. The results showed that besides the available phosphorus and available potassium content of tea garden intercropping with Cunninghamia lanceolata and total potassium content of tea garden intercropping with pear trees, the rest indexes were higher than the mono-cropping tea garden. The transpiration rate（Tr）and stomatal conductance（Gs）of tea garden intercropping with pear trees were the highest, both were significantly higher than the mono-cropping tea garden, and 25% and 36% higher than the mono-cropping tea garden. Other tea gardens were not significantly different from the mono-cropping tea garden. The water extracts, free amino acids, caffeine, water soluble carbohydrates and the total content of catechin of each intercropping tea garden were higher than the mono-cropping tea garden. While the content of polyphenol and P/A of each intercropping tea garden were lower than the mono-cropping tea garden. The results explained intercropping could increase soil organic matter, improve soil fertility and photosynthetic physiological indexes of tea tree and tea quality.