基于自动气象站资料的沙坡头区日光温室区划

AGRO-CLIMATIC SUITABILITY ZONING FOR GREENHOUSE FARMING IN SHAPOTOU DISTRICT OF ZHONGWEI,NINGXIA USING AUTOMATIC WEATHER STATION DATA

中卫市沙坡头区地形地貌复杂,仅靠一个大监测站的数据进行日光温室农业气候适宜性区划,难以准确,精细化程度不够。因此考虑采用22个区域自动站2006-2013年资料进行精细化区划。在区划指标的选取上,由于自动气象站只有气温、降水量2个气象要素,且冬季不观测降水,要表达设施温棚适宜的气象条件,就要巧用气温实现评估设施温棚对气候条件的适宜性。为此,文章用冬季平均气温代表设施温棚适宜与否的热量资源,用前后2d的日平均气温降幅〉6℃的日数代表24h降温幅度,以表征出现不利于日光温室生产的大风、降温或降雪等天气过程出现的频率,以日最低气温〈-20℃的持续日数代表冬季极端寒冷程度。用这3个因子作为沙坡头区日光温室气候区划的指标,确定每个因子的等级。利用1：25 000经纬度、海拔等地理信息,在GIS系统支持下,将研究区域划分为极适宜区、适宜区、次适宜区及不适宜区等4个等级。极适宜区主要在中部卫宁黄河冲积平原;适宜区主要包括山区与黄河南岸之间的台地,且靠近平原的地区;次适宜区包括西部靠近甘肃的部分地区,北部平原靠近腾格里沙漠边缘,香山南山台子扬黄灌区;不适宜区包括南部香山山地、黄土丘陵及北部腾格里沙漠,与实际情况总体相符。

Due to the local complex topography,it is inaccurate and imprecise for the greenhouse climatic suitability zoning merely based on the data from single conventional weather station in Shapotou District of Zhongwei,Ningxia. Meteorological data from 22 automatic stations during the year of 2006 to 2013 were adopted in this paper for the greenhouse agro- climatic suitability zoning. The air temperature from the automatic weather station was chosen as the zoning index reflecting the greenhouse suitable meteorological conditions. 3 indicators were selected for the greenhouse climatic suitability zoning,i. e.,the average winter temperature which represented the heat resource for the greenhouse suitability zoning,the days of the average temperature in two consecutive days during winter declining higher than 6℃ which represented the weather frequency unsuitable for greenhouse,and the days of daily minimum temperature lower than- 20℃ during winter which represented the extreme cold weather. And then the research area was divided into very suitable area,suitable area,less suitable and unsuitable area using 1： 25,000 latitude,longitude and altitude of geographic information based on the GIS technology. The very suitable area was mainly in the central area of Weining Yellow River alluvial plain,the suitable areas included the plateaus between the mountain and the south bank of the Yellow River and the regions closed to the plains; the less suitable area was located in the western part of the region near Gansu,northern plains near the edge of the Tengger Desert,pumping irrigation of Nanshan tableland of Xiangshan; the unsuitable areas included southern Xiangshan mountain,loess hills and the northern Tengger Desert. The results were generally consistent with the actual situation in Shapotou District of Zhongwei,Ningxia.