公众参与式地震灾情信息服务平台研究

Research on the Earthquake Information Service Platform with Public Participation

由政府等权威机构监测、采集地震灾情信息后,向公众通告并指导公众采取应对措施,是当前防震减灾过程中的主要信息流通模式。然而,在这种信息单向流动模式中,公众缺少主动查询获取和反馈灾情信息的渠道,不利于防震减灾和灾后恢复重建。本文针对现有地震信息系统在公众信息服务方面的不足,首先分析了公众参与式地理信息系统(Public Participation Geographic Information System,PPGIS)的特点及应用,从地震灾害管理的整个周期出发,将地震灾害信息分为4大类,进行平台数据库和功能设计;随后,探讨了基于PPGIS的大众地震信息服务平台,在公众主动获取多源地震灾情和地震知识、提交和反馈灾情信息与救助需求,以及参与灾后重建等方面的作用,并分析了该平台中用户数据质量及质量控制流程;最后,在此基础上,设计并实现了基于PPGIS的大众地震灾情信息服务平台原型系统,为解决公众地震灾情获取和反馈提供了可行性方案,为类似系统的设计与实现提供了参考。

Monitoring and gathering the earthquake disaster information by authorities, and then informing the public along with guidelines on the countermeasures is currently the dominating information circulation model for earthquake prevention and disaster reduction. However, with this unilateral model, there are no accesses and channels for the masses to query and feed back the disaster information actively, which hinders the preparedness and reduction of earthquake disaster and the post- disaster reconstruction.As a consequence, the public may not be fully prepared, causing the occurrence of huge damages as well as the long term recovery afterwards. Intended to offer a resolution to these problems, this paper summarized the characteristics and applications of PPGIS in supporting public participation. Also, to facilitate the design of the database and functions of the platform, this paper classified the earthquake disaster information into four categories according to the stages in disaster management. Furthermore, this article discussed the functions of a public earthquake information service platform, which is based on PPGIS, in providing people with seismic disaster knowledge and information, and in enabling the crowd to submit and return the emergent rescue needs and to participate in the reconstruction. The data quality and method of quality control have been discussed too. At the end of this paper, the authors designed and developed the prototype system of PPGIS based public earthquake information service platform. This prototype has put forward an applicable solution to enable the public to acquire and feed back the disaster information, and provides a reference for the design and implementation of other similar systems.