英国竞技体育发展方式的历史转型及其启示——基于政府职能转变视角

Historical Transformation and Its Enlightenment of Development Mode of Competitive Sport in United Kingdom: From the Perspective of Government Function Transformation

运用文献资料法、历史分析法和逻辑分析法等,对英国竞技体育发展方式的历史转型进行深入剖析。首先,以英国竞技体育发展方式转型的国内外时代背景为切入点,分析了影响英国竞技体育发展方式转型的多维因素,主要包括政党及执政理念更迭、经济转型及产业升级、精神激励与文化重塑。其次,着重分析了英国政府职能转变对竞技体育发展方式转型的具体影响,主要表现为体育政策规划职能由着力关注大众体育转变为高度关照竞技体育,由此调转了英国竞技体育发展航向;体育管理改革职能由社会自治转变为政府与社会协同治理,由此强化英国竞技体育发展动力;体育公共服务职能由单一的场地设施供给转变为多元化的竞技体育服务供给,由此提升了英国竞技体育发展层次;体育人才培养职能由传统的俱乐部和学校培养转变为系统性的高水平精英人才培养模式,由此夯实了英国竞技体育发展基础。最后指出了英国竞技体育发展方式转型对我国的启示。

The authors use literature review,historical analysis and logical analysis and so on to have an in-depth analysis on the historical transformation of the development of sports in the United Kingdom. First of all,we analyzes the factors that affect the transformation of the development mode of sports development in the United Kingdom,including the transformation of political party and the concept of governance,economic transformation and industrial upgrading,spiritual motivation and cultural reconstruction. Secondly,the paper emphatically analyzes the concrete influence of government function transformation on the development mode of competitive sports,mainly for the sports policy planning functions is changed from focusing on the transformation of mass sports to the highly attention of sports,which switching the UK athletics sports development course; the reform of sports management functions is changed from the social autonomy to government and social cooperation,which strengthening the development momentum of competitive sports in the United Kingdom; the sports public service function is changed from the single site facility supply to the diversified competitive sports service supply,which improving the level of the development of the British competitive sports; the function of physical education personnel training is changed from the traditional club and the school training to the system of the high level talents training mode,which tamping the foundation of the development of the British competitive sports. In the end,it points out the enlightenment of the transformation of the development mode of sports development in United Kingdom for our country.