灾后临时住房配置的多目标优化模型研究

Research on Post-disaster Temporary Housing Allocation Model based on Multi-objective Optimization

自然灾害后应急管理部门需要为无家可归的灾民提供合适的临时住房。尽管灾害影响评估软件及系统能帮助应急决策人员估计自然灾害后预期的无家可归的家庭数量,但是它们不能辨识最优的灾后临时住房。该文首先从灾民的就业和教育机会、分配的临时住房和灾民偏好住房间的距离、临时住房的质量和交付时间、临时住房的安全性、临时住房接近公共服务设施的程度和总公共支出六个方面归纳了灾后临时住房优选的指标,并给出了各项指标的评价标准;然后以社会经济破坏最小和总公共支出最小为优化目标,建立了灾后临时住房的多目标优化模型;最后应用实例验证了模型的适用性和可行性。

In the aftermath of natural disasters,Emergency management agencies need to provide adequate temporary housing for displaced families. Disaster impact assessment software systems enable emergency decisionmakers to estimate the expected displacement of families after natural disasters; however they lack the capability of identifying the optimal temporary housing. Firstly,six optimization metrics,including employment and educational opportunities,distance between the assigned temporary housing locations and preferred temporary housing locations by displaced families,housing quality and delivery time,housing safety,accessibility of essential utilities and services,and total public expenditures are selected and their measurement standards aredefinedin the paper. Secondly,minimizing socioeconomic disruption and minimizing total public expenditures are designed to be the main objectives. Finally,a multi-objective optimization model for temporary housingis presented. An application example is optimized to illustrate the use of the modeland demonstrate its capabilities in generating optimal plans for realistic temporary housing problems.