基于海南省“威马逊”及“海鸥”台风次生海岸洪水灾后问卷调查的室内财产脆弱性研究

Vulnerability of Building Contents to Coastal Flooding Based on Questionnaire Survey in Hainan after Typhoon Rammasun and Kalmeagi

以2014年"威马逊"及"海鸥"台风次生海岸洪水灾害为对象,以主要受灾区海南省海口市及文昌市为研究区,通过实地勘测调查及问卷调查获取了这两场灾害的重点淹没地区、室内财产淹没水深、财产价值及损失率等数据;选取淹没水深作为致灾因子危险性代表性指标,构建了居民住房室内财产脆弱性曲线及商业用房室内财产脆弱性矩阵,从而定量地刻画了淹没水深与损失率之间的关系;另外利用调查数据,分析了淹没时长、减灾措施等因素对损失率大小及脆弱性曲线不确定性的影响;最后从加强脆弱性曲线结果的区域适用性、有效降低脆弱性曲线的不确定性等方面给出了未来研究的建议。

Coastal flood often causes severe damage to building contents in typhoon-prone coastal areas of China. As induced by typhoon through the interaction between storm surge and inland flood,building contents could be damaged by inundation,corrosion due to salty water,and physical pressure caused by wave. Since the damage mechanism of coastal flood is usually different from other flood types,the understanding on how the damage to building contents are developed,and quantitative assessment on building content vulnerability are of vital importance to loss and risk modeling of costal flood disasters. In this paper,the vulnerability curves of residential building contents and vulnerability matrix of commercial building contents are developed based on questionnaire survey dataset in Haikou and Wenchang city,Hainan Province of China,which suffered dramatic coastal flood disaster due to the hitting of Typhoon Rammasun and Kalmeagi in 2014. By selecting inundation water depth as hazard indicator,mean damage ratios of flooded building content and their relationship with water depth are explored and modeled with Logistic function. In addition,the effect of inundation duration and mitigation measures in helping reducing mean damage ratio,and their impact on the magnitude of secondary uncertainty are also analyzed. Finally,suggestions to future empirical vulnerability curve study; especially measures on reducing uncertainty are discussed and concluded.