某中外合资玻璃质纤维制造企业职业病危害识别与关键控制点分析

Identification of occupational hazards and analysis of critical control points in a sino-foreign joint venture enterprise for vitreous fiber manufacturing

目的分析某玻璃质纤维制造企业生产过程中存在的职业病危害因素及其危害程度,确定职业病危害关键控制点。方法采用检查表法、职业卫生调查法、职业卫生检测法进行识别和分析。结果该工程存在的职业病危害因素主要有矽尘、石灰石粉尘、白云石粉尘、人造玻璃质纤维粉尘、其他粉尘、碳酸钠、甲醇、环氧氯丙烷、一氧化碳、硫化氢、氨、硫酸、氢氧化钠、稳态噪声、高温、高频电磁场等。上料工接触矽尘的时间加权平均浓度(C_(TWA))和超限倍数均超过职业接触限值,其中上料工C_(TWA)总尘浓度2.76 mg/m^3,呼尘浓度1.70 mg/m^3;上料工操作位检测浓度最大值为总尘19.47 mg/m^3(超限倍数38.9),呼尘5.47 mg/m^3(超限倍数27.4)。漏板焊接工和漏板技术员接触的矽尘超限倍数超过职业接触限值(总尘、呼尘分别为2.1和2.7);其他职业病危害因素的浓度或强度均符合国家规定的职业接触限值。结论该企业存在多种职业病危害因素,应重点关注职业病危害关键控制点,如上料车间袋装原料拆包上料时产生的矽尘,应进一步采取工程防护措施,采用密闭化、自动化操作,加强局部通风。

[Objective] To analyze the occupational hazards in the production process of a vitreous fiber manufacturing enterprise, investigate the degree of the harm, and determine the critical control points.[Methods]The identification and analysis were carried out by using the method of check list, occupational health survey and occupational health examination. [Results] Silica dust, limestone dust, dolomite dust, artificial vitreous fiber dust, other dust, sodium carbonate, methanol, epoxy chloropropane, carbon monoxide, hydrogen sulfide, ammonia, sulfuric acid, sodium hydroxide, steady state noise, high temperature, high frequency electromagnetic field were the main occupational hazard factors in the project. The concentration-time weighted average（CTWA） and excursion limits of silica dust among feeding workers exceeded the occupational exposure limits, the total dust concentration （CTwA） and respirable dust concentration （CTwA） of feeding workers was 2.76 mg/m^3 and 1.70 mg/m^3 respectively, and the maximum concentration of total dust and respirable dust in feeding operation post was 19.47 mg/m^3 （excursion limits were 38.9） and 5.47 mg/m^3 （excursion limits were 38.9） respectively. The excursion limits of silica dust in bushing welding workers and bushing technicians exceeded the occupational exposure limits, which those of total dust and respirable dust were 2.1 and 2.7 respectively. The concentrations/intensities of other occupational hazards met the national occupational exposure limits. [Conclusion] There are various occupational hazard factors in this enterprise. It is necessary to focus on the occupational hazard critical control points, such as the silica dust produced by unpacking the material package. Meanwhile, it is important to take further engineering protection measures, implement closed and automated operation, and strengthen the local ventilation.