化学性职业病危害因素对铁路职工健康的影响

Influence of occupational hazard of chemical poisons on health of railway workers

目的了解铁路企业接触危害因素职工的健康状况,探讨化学毒物对铁路职工的健康影响,为管理部门制定管理措施提供依据。方法采用普查的方法,收集接触毒物职工的健康监护资料,分析接触不同毒物对职工健康危害的情况,提出建议措施。结果共有3 925人接触化学毒物,不同毒物对职工健康影响不同,接触汽油或柴油组高血糖、高血压和ST-T改变异常率最高,分别为10.22%、24.19%和13.44%;接触二氧化硫组血常规异常率最高,为13.24%;接触酸碱性物质组高血脂、肝功能异常率最高,分别为38.78%和29.92%;接触锰及其化合物组胸片异常率最高,为3.06%;接触苯及苯系物组心率异常率最高,为22.38%;接触氮氧化物组传导阻滞异常率最高,为7.65%。高血糖、高血脂、高血压、胸片、肝功能、传导阻滞、ST-T改变和心率异常等指标异常率在不同化学毒物组之间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论铁路职工长期接触化学性职业病危害因素对健康有一定的影响,应进一步加强职业病防治。

[Objective]To understand the health status of workers exposed to occupational hazards in railway enterprises, explore the influence of chemical poisons on health of railway workers, and provide the basis for relevant departments to develop the management measures. [Methods]The health surveillance data of the workers exposed to occupational hazardous factors were collected by census method. The health damages of different hazardous factors were analyzed, to provide recommendations and measures.[Results]There were a total of 3 925 workers who were exposed to chemical poisons. The results showed that different poisons had different influences on workers＂ health condition. The detection rates of hyperglycemia, hypertension and ST-T changes were the highest in gasoline or diesel exposure group, which was 10.22%, 24.19% and 13.44%, respectively. The sulfur dioxide exposure group showed the highest abnormal rate of blood routine examination （13.24%）. The detection rates of hyperlipoidemia and abnormal liver function were the highest in acid and alkaline substances exposure group, which was38.78% and 29.92%, respectively. The manganese and its compounds exposure group showed the highest abnormal rate of chest X-ray test（3.06%）. The benzene and benzene homologue exposure group showed the highest abnormal rate of heart rate （22.38%）. The detection rate of conduction block was the highest in nitrogen oxides exposure group, which was 7.65%. There were statistically significant differences in the detection rates of hyperglycemia, hyperlipoidemia, hypertension, abnormal chest X-ray, abnormal liver function, conduction block, ST-T changes, and abnormal heart rate among different chemical poison groups （P〈0.05）. [Conclusion]Long-term exposure to occupational hazard of chemical poisons has a certain negative influence on the health of the railway workers, so it is necessary to further strengthen the prevention and treatment of occupational diseases.