2014年武汉市245家企业职业健康检查结果

Analysis on occupational health examination results in 245 enterprises of Wuhan City in 2014

目的了解武汉市职业人群的职业健康损害情况,为职业病预防工作重点提供科学依据。方法对2014年来武汉市职业病防治院进行在岗期间职业健康检查的245家企业35 622名职工的健康检查结果进行分析,探讨职业健康损害在不同经济类型企业、不同规模企业及不同行业间的分布情况。结果在岗期间职业健康检查未检出职业病患者,检出职业健康复查人员1 193名,占总检查人数的3.35%;职业禁忌证806名,占总检查人数的2.26%。不同经济类型、不同企业规模及不同行业间的职业健康检查结果差异有统计学意义。私营企业接触化学因素作业者、内资企业接触物理因素者及中小型企业、化学化工业、电气机械及器材制造业接触有害因素作业者职业健康复查率较高(P<0.05或P<0.01)。职业禁忌证主要发生在噪声、铅、苯、粉尘、高温、职业机动车驾驶、电工、压力容器、高处作业人员中。结论武汉市职业健康危害发生范围广泛,应根据其在不同经济类型、不同规模企业及不同行业间的分布情况,采取针对性措施,控制关键环节,最大限度地保障广大劳动者的职业健康权益。

[Objective]To understand the occupational health status of Wuhan City, provide scientific basis for occupational disease prevention.[Methods]The occupational heahh examination resuhs of 35 622 employees from 245 enterprises were analyzed, who have received the in-service occupational health examination in Wuhan Center for Occupational Disease Prevention and Treatment in 2014. The distributions of occupational health damage in different economic type enterprises, different scale enterprises, and different industries were explored. [Results]No occupational disease patient was found in in-service occupational health examination. There were 1 193 employees received the occupational health re-examination and 806 cases of occupational contraindication, respectively accounting for 3.35% and 2.26%of total investigated employees. The differences in occupational health examination results were statistically significant among different economic type enterprises, different scale enterprises, as well as different industries. The rates of occupational health re-examination were higher among workers exposed to chemical factors in private enterprises, workers exposed to physical factors in domestic enterprises, and workers exposed to harmful factors in small and medium-sized enterprises, chemical industry, electric machinery and equipment manufacturing（P〈0.05 or P〈0.01 ）. The occupational eontraindications were mainly detected in workers exposed to noise, lead, benzene, dust and high temperature, and professional driver, electrician, pressure vessel workers, high operating personnel. [Conclusion]The occupational health damages occur widely in Wuhan City. It is necessary to carry out targeted measures and control the key link according to the distribution characteristics in different economic type enterprises, different scale enterprises, and different industries, to protect the occupational health rights and interests of laborers.