尘肺病患者生存质量及影响因素分析

Analysis on quality of life of pneumoconiosis patients and its influencing factors

目的了解尘肺病患者生存质量现状及其影响因素,为尘肺病的预防与治疗提供依据。方法采用病例对照研究设计,选取2010—2014年在广州市某区某职业体检机构参加职业健康检查发现的尘肺病患者46例作为病例组,以性别、年龄不超过3岁进行1∶2配对的健康人群92例作为对照组,应用世界卫生组织生存质量测定表简表(WHOQOL-BREF)、St George's呼吸问卷(SGRQ)进行调查。结果病例组躯体健康[(44.41±11.56)分]、心理健康[(50.25±12.72)分]、社会关系[(54.71±16.66)分]、环境[(44.36±11.38)分]得分均低于健康对照组。病例组呼吸症状[(63.04±17.09)分]、活动受限[(66.55±16.40)分]和疾病影响[(60.39±16.02)分]得分均高于对照组。多重线性回归提示年龄、接触粉尘年数、Covinsky同病得分、尘肺分期级别是生存质量得分的影响因素。结论尘肺病患者生存质量较差,年龄越大、接触粉尘年数越多、Covinsky同病得分越高、尘肺病分期级别越高者,其生存质量得分越低。

[Objective]To understand the current situation of quality of life in pneumoconiosis patients, analyze the influencing factors, and provide the basis for prevention and treatment of pneumoconiosis.[Methods]A case-control study was performed. 46 pneumoconiosis patients, who were diagnosed by the occupational health examination in an occupational physical examination institution of a district in Guangzhou City from 2010-2014, were enrolled in the case group. 92 healthy people were recruited in the control group, who were 1：2 matched by gender and age（the difference within 3 years）. The investigation was conducted with the World Health Organization Quality of Life measurement table profile （WHOQOL-BREF）, and St George＇s respiratory questionnaire （SGRQ）. [Results]The physical health score（44.41±11.56）, mental health score （50.25±12.72） , social relations （54.71±16.66） and environment score（44.36±1 1.38） in the case group were lower than those in the control group. The respiratory symptoms score （63.04±17.09）, limitation of activity （66.55±16.40） and disease effect （60.39±16.02） in the case group were higher than those in the control group. Multiple linear regression showed that age, dust-exposure years, Covinsky disease score, and pneumoconiosis stage were the influencing factors of quality of life scores. [Conclusion]Quality of life is not good in pneumoconiosis patients. The elderly pneumoconiosis patients with longer dust-exposure years, higher Covinsky disease score, and higher stage of pneumoconiosis have the lower scores in quality of life.