呼和浩特市某汽车4S店维修车间职业病危害现状评价

Evaluation on occupational hazards in maintenance workshop of an automobile 4S shop in Hohhot

目的明确建设项目产生的职业病危害因素,评价职业病危害防护措施及其效果,对未达到职业病危害防护要求的系统或单元提出职业病危害控制措施的建议。方法职业病危害控制效果评价采用职业卫生调查法、检查表分析法、职业卫生检测法进行定性和定量评价。检测按照相应国标方法进行。结果底涂打磨操作位沉降尘检测游离二氧化硅含量为33.79%,各点位粉尘超限倍数范围为0.1~1.4,均未超出国家标准;编程区手持气锤操作位噪声检测8 h等效声级为93.5 d B(A),超出相应职业卫生标准[85 d B(A)];电焊工焊帽内眼部紫外辐射检测有效辐照度均值为0.09μW/cm^2,未超出国家0.24μW/cm^2的标准;甲苯、二甲苯等毒物检测结果均符合要求。结论该汽车维修车间生产过程中存在及产生的主要职业病危害因素为矽尘、电焊烟尘、砂轮磨尘、甲苯、乙苯、二甲苯、氮氧化物、一氧化碳、噪声、紫外线辐射等,应加强编程区手持气锤操作人员的防护,必要时采用新设备或者新工艺进行改进。

[Objective]To identity the occupational hazard factors produced in this construction project, evaluate the preventive measures against the occupational hazards and the effect, and put forward the practical proposals for the system and unit which did not meet the requirements of occupational hazard protection.[nethods]The occupational health survey, the checklist analysis, and the occupational health detection were applied in the qualitative and quantitative evaluation. The detection was performed according to the relevant national standard methods.[Results]By detecting the settling dust in bottom coating and polishing post, the free silica content was 33.79%, and the excursion limits of dust in different detection points were between 0.1 and 1.4, which did not exceeded the national standard. 8-hour equivalent sound level in hand hammer operation post of programming area was 93.5 dB （A）, which was higher than the occupational limit[ 85 dB （A）]. The effective irradiance value of ocular UV radiation in welding cap of welders was 0.09 μW/cm^2, which met the national standard （0.24 μW/cm^2）. The detection results of toluene, xylene and other poisons all met the occupational health requirements.[Conelusion]The main occupational hazard factors existed and produced in the automobile maintenance workshop include Silica dust, welding fume, wheel grinding dust, toluene, ethyl benzene, xylene, nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, noise, and ultraviolet radiation. It is necessary to strengthen the protection of workers engaged in hand hammer operation of programming area, and implement the improvement by adopting new equipment or new technology.