锂离子电池燃爆特征及空运安全性研究

Study on lithium-ion batteries explosive characteristics and aviation transportation safety

为解决与锂离子电池热失控有关的空运安全问题,利用自主设计的锂电池火灾试验平台,对不同包装、数量及荷电状态(SOC)的18650型锂离子电池开展燃爆试验研究。观察锂离子电池热失控现象,进行阶段划分,研究锂离子电池热失控传播过程;记录不同条件下锂离子电池初爆响应时间、燃爆峰值温度及峰值温度持续时间,考察不同包装、数量及SOC对锂离子电池空运安全的影响。结果表明:锂离子电池燃烧可分为初爆和燃爆2个阶段,一节电池热失控可形成连锁燃烧反应;电池热稳定性随SOC增大而显著降低;空运电池数量严重影响空运安全;用瓦楞纸包装时,燃爆峰值温度高达820℃,不能提高锂离子电池安全性。

In order to solve the safety problem of aviation transportation related to thermal runaway of lithium-ion batteries and provide technical support for the fire prevention and control of the aviation transportation of lithium-ion batteries,experiments were carried out using a fire test platform made by the authors. Phenomenon of thermal runaway of lithium-ion batteries were observed,and divide it into different stages. Thermal runaway propagation processes of lithium-ion batteries were researched. Data were obtained on the initial blast response time,peak temperature of violent explosion and duration of peak temperature under different conditions. Effects of the different packaging conditions,quantity and SOC of the batteries on the air transport safety were examined. The results show that the combustion of lithium-ion batteries could be divided into an initial blast stage and a violent explosion stage,that a thermally runaway battery will set off a chain combustion reaction,that thermal stability of the battery significantly reduce with the increase in the SOC,that the battery quantity seriously affects the safety of the air transport,and that the peak temperature of violent explosion is 820 ℃ when using corrugated box packaging and it cannot improve the safety of lithium-ion batteries.