异域想象与文人观念:论晚明清初通俗小说中胡僧形象的色情化

Exotic Imagination and Literati's Ideas:The Eroticization of Foreign Monks in Late-Ming and Early-Qing Vernacular Fiction

作为一个色情符号,晚明清初通俗小说中被色情化的胡僧与黑面、春药、房中术有着固定的联想关系。胡僧的身份定位非常模糊,其体貌描写和情节模式高度类型化。胡僧色情描写所涉及的密教及道教内容经常被混淆为房中秘戏。小说对胡僧色情形象的符号化建构,与藏传密教的内传并无直接的联系,在很大程度上可以被视作文人异域想象的结果。胡僧色情形象所折射出来的是文人对外来宗教人士的警惕和被儒家文化所压抑的欲望。

Foreign monks in vernacular fiction in late Ming and early Qing Dynasties are often constructed as lascivious characters who are associated with having black faces,keeping aphrodisiacs and teaching men sexual techniques.Characterized by a lack of elaboration of monks＇ identities,descriptions about eroticized foreign monks are quite similar in terms of physical appearances and plots.Furthermore,many terms for sexual practice in Tantric Buddhism and Taoism are applied to the art of the bedchamber in these descriptions.Therefore,this paper argues that the eroticization of foreign monks is not terribly relevant to the transmission of Tibetan Tantric Buddhism in China.To a great extent,in the late Ming and early Qing Dynasties the literati represent foreign monks as a threat to their moral identity,which betrays a suppression of their sexual desire in Confucian culture.