风险社会下矿产资源开发公害犯罪的刑法对策

Countermeasures in Criminal Law About Public Hazards of Mineral Resource Development in the Context of Risk Society

回应风险社会命题的要旨在于实现风险分配的均衡性与正当性,因此,刑法介入风险社会的重要目标在于推动社会风险的多元化分配。针对风险社会中矿产资源开发所引发的公害问题,抽象危险犯的引入在一定程度上是以增加风险制造者刑事风险的方式来强化其对于公害风险的注意义务,但这一路径的局限性在于未能打破风险分配的简单格局。刑法在推动风险的多元化分配过程中须有所作为,应当实现矿产资源开发公害风险承担主体的多元化,将拒不履行生态环境恢复治理义务的不作为行为独立入罪,并强化对相关辅助行为人的刑事责任追究,以积极的刑法机制来建构起新型的风险分配格局与风险监督体系,推动刑法的积极一般预防功能之实现。

The key to responding to the risk society is to realize balance and justification in risk distribution,and the important function of criminal law in the risk society is to promote diversification in social risk distribution. Aiming at preventing problems caused by mineral resources development,the criminal law introduces the abstract potential damage to increase the criminal risk and intensify the trouble makers＇ awareness of their obligation of preventing public hazards;however,it fails to break the simple pattern of risk distribution. The criminal law should contribute to promote the diversification in risk distribution by realizing diversification of risk bearers in the development of mineral resources,and by convicting the conduct of refusing to fulfill obligations of restoration and treatment of ecological environment. Meanwhile,related supporting people should also be more seriously investigated for their criminal liability. We should build a new type of risk distribution pattern and supervision system by positive criminal system in order to promote the implement of positive and general preventive function of criminal law.