空气污染与儿童哮喘

Air pollution and pediatric asthma

工业化导致的空气污染是儿童哮喘发生、发展的高危因素之一。常见的空气污染物种类繁多，如交通相关空气污染物、多环芳香烃、香烟烟雾、尘埃颗粒及细颗粒物PM2．5等，均与儿童哮喘密切相关。它们通过各种相关信号通路，从而调节哮喘进程；同时空气污染导致的哮喘相关基因表观遗传学改变、上皮间充质转化及遗传多态性等亦影响儿童哮喘个体异质性及诊疗个体化。目前，空气污染与儿童哮喘研究已取得一定进展，但其确切机制仍需进一步研究。本文就常见的空气污染物参与儿童哮喘的发生、发展及其机制进行阐述。

Air pollution caused by industrialization is one of the significant risk factors in the initiation and evolution of pediatric asthma. A great variety and complicate components of air pollutants, including traffic-related air pollution, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, smoke from cigarette, dust particle, and fine particulate matter （PM 2.5）, have close relationship with pediatric asthma. They may regulate asthma-associated signal pathway via diverse mechanisms, ultimately controlling the process of asthma. Meanwhile, the change of asthma-associated genetic epigenetics, epithelial-mesenchymal transitions and genetic polymorphism caused by air pollutants become determinants for individual heterogeneity and diagnosis and treatment individualization of pediatric asthma. Although there were remarkable achievements in the study of air pollution and children asthma, the exact mechanisms between air pollution and children asthma need further study. This study summarizes the relationship and pathogenesis between some normal air pollutants and the occurrence and development of asthma in children.