我国多沙河流水库“蓄清排浑”运用方式的发展与实践

Development and practice of the operation mode of“Storing Clear Water and Discharging Muddy Flow”in sediment-laden rivers in China

在多沙河流上修建水库将产生泥沙淤积,直接影响水库的寿命及防洪、发电、航运、供水等综合效益的发挥。20世纪70年代初,针对三门峡水库严重的泥沙淤积问题,我国水利科技工作者创新性地提出了水库"蓄清排浑"运用方式,并在黄河小浪底水库和长江三峡水库等水利枢纽工程中得到了应用和发展,成功解决了多沙河流水库泥沙淤积与水库效益之间的矛盾,减少了水库淤积,保持了水库有效库容长期使用,充分发挥了水库的综合效益,为多沙河流水库泥沙问题处理找到了一条行之有效的新途径。随着对水库泥沙问题认识的深化,"蓄清排浑"运用方式在实践中还将得到不断优化和完善。结合江河水沙变化的实际情况,本文提出了长江三峡水库和黄河小浪底水库等工程运行方式进一步优化的建议,为更好地保障水利枢纽工程的安全和综合效益的发挥,促进水库泥沙理论与技术的发展提供科技支撑。

Sediment deposition in a reservoir constructed in a sediment-laden river has a direct impact on the reservoir＇s lifespan and its comprehensive benefits of flood control,power generation,navigation and water supply. In 1970 s the reservoir operation mode of‘Storing Clear Water and Discharging Muddy Flow＇was put forward by Chinese scientists for coping with serious sedimentation problem in the Sanmenxia Reservoir,and further applied and developed in several key water control projects such as the Xiaolangdi Reservoir on the Yellow River and the Three Gorges Reservoir on the Yangtze River. This operation mode successfully solves the problem of the conflict between sedimentation and benefits of a reservoir on a sedimentladen river by reducing its sediment deposition and maintaining its effective storage capacity for long-termuse. It gives full play to the comprehensive benefits of a reservoir and presents an effective new way to cope with reservoir sediment problem for a sediment-laden river. The operation mode of‘Storing Clear Water and Discharging Muddy Flow＇ will be constantly optimized and improved in practice along with the knowledge deepening on reservoir sediment problems. Base on the actual situation of changes on runoff and sediment loads of rivers,the paper puts forward suggestions on further optimizing operation mode for the Three Gorges Reservoir and Xiaolangdi Reservoir to ensure the projects＇ safety and comprehensive benefitsand to provide scientific support for promoting development on the theory and technology of reservoir sedimentation.