微灌在中国:历史、现状和未来

Microirrigation in China:history,current situation and prospects

微灌技术在我国的发展历经40余年,通过不断的实践与创新,逐步实现了关键设备的国产化和系列化,研究解决了系统设计和运行管理中出现的一大批关键问题,形成多个符合我国国情又具有明显地域特色的微灌技术应用模式,取得了显著的节水增产效果,成为我国节水灌溉的主要形式之一。同时,微灌技术的不断进步也促进了其在水肥药精量控制和农田生态环境调控管理等方面的综合效益发挥,成为推动我国农业现代化、实现农业生产方式转变的重要力量。本文通过回顾微灌技术在我国的应用和研究历程,系统总结了微灌技术在研究和实践中取得的标志性成果,在深入分析研究领域和应用中存在问题的基础上,提出了需要进一步研究的问题和方向,为微灌技术在我国的可持续发展提供参考。

The commercial use of microirrigation in China has been more than 40 years since it was firstly introduced in 1970＇s. Through continuous demonstration,extension and technical innovations,almost all facilities and equipment for microirrigation installations,including emitters,infiltrators,injectors,regulators,pipelines and other ancillary devices,have been domestically industrialized. Extensive technical issues regarding design,operation and maintenance of microirrigation systems were studied. Many application modesfor typical crops have been established in different regions through demonstrations and extensions. Microirrigation has become one of water-saving irrigation technologies used in China that is able to increase cropproduction. Chemigation that is benefit to crop production and environmental conservation is currently successfully and popularly used in microirrigation systems. These achievements have made microirrigation be becoming an important landmark of agricultural modernization in China. After reviewing the introduction,demonstration,extension and related research works,the possible further research topics are presented in this paper.