小微企业的网络嵌入性、外部学习与企业绩效

Network Embeddedness,External Learning and Performance of Small and Micro Enterprises

有关小微企业成长路径的研究主要关注小微企业的内部环境和外部宏观环境,而网络环境,特别是企业关系网络则在内部环境和外部环境之间发挥着强有力的纽带作用。激烈的全球化竞争使得单一组织在不断积累内部资源的同时更加依赖外部资源,因此,小微企业嵌入到合作伙伴所形成的企业关系网络中则能通过获取关键资源、降低交易成本、适应环境变化等形式提升企业绩效。除此之外,外部学习能力作为知识经济时代至关重要的企业能力,也是建立在企业网络的基础之上的。通过外部学习、知识共享和知识转移,小微企业能更好更及时地获取外部市场信息,掌握市场与客户需求以及行业动态,进而适时地调整与整合自身的资源与能力,获取竞争优势,从而持续提升企业的绩效。另外,小微企业的网络嵌入程度对绩效的提升作用还要受到外部环境的动荡性和包容性等特性影响。

Research on the growth path of small and micro enterprises focuses on the internal environment and the external macro environment of the enterprises. Network environment, especially corporate network of relationships, plays a strong link between the internal and external environment. Intense global competition makes organizations highly depend on external resources while single corporate accumulating its internal resources. Therefore, small and micro enterprises which are embedded in the business relationship network can improve their performance through access to key resources and reducing transaction costs, or adapting to the environment changes and other forms. In addition, as a vital enterprise capabilities in knowledge economy era, external learning also bases on the corporate network. Through extemal learning, knowledge sharing and knowledge transfer, small and micro enterprises can obtain external market information more timely and effectively. They can grasp market and customer needs and industry dynamics, thus adjust and integrate their own resources and capabilities timely. Ultimately, they can gain a competitive advantage and enhance business performance continuously. In addition, to enhance the role of smafl and micro businesses network-embedded level playing on the performance is also subjected to the influence of the volatility and Inclusivity of the external environment.