美国工程职业的历史嬗变

The Historical Evolution of American Engineering Profession

工程自古有之,工程职业化是近代以来的事情。美国工程职业经过一百六十余年的发展,独立自治的工程师协会,完善的工程伦理规范和工程注册制度,积极的工程教育改革,成为美国工程职业化发展的核心要素。这些要素及其互动关系有力地推进了美国工程职业发展和工程技术创新。探索美国工程职业化发展的历史经验和关键因素,能够为我国工程职业化发展提供有益的经验借鉴和参考。

Engineering did exist since ancient times,however,the engineering profession just starts from the modern times. With the development of about 160 years,independent and autonomous engineers societies,perfect engineering ethics codes,engineering registration system,and the active engineering education reform,which have become the core elements of the development of American engineering profession. These elements and their interactive relationship effectively promote the development of American engineering profession and technological innovation. Exploring the historical experience and key factors of the development of American engineering profession can provide a good experiences and references for the development of China＇s engineering profession.