由相对论力学能否推导出牛顿力学——论历史视角与逻辑视角的不可通约

Whether Newtonian Mechanics Can be Derived from Relativity Mechanics——The Incommensurability Between Historical and Logical Perspectives

库恩以范式间的不可通约,反驳了由相对论力学可推导出牛顿力学定律的实证论观点。逻辑经验论从逻辑视角理解科学理论,认为牛顿力学的时空观等形而上学观念并不是作为一个科学理论的牛顿力学的构成部分。库恩从历史视角理解科学理论,强调在相对论之前的牛顿力学理论应包括其时空观等观念,失掉这些观念,历史与境下的牛顿力学理论本身便不完整。对库恩相关论述的分析表明,以历史与逻辑的不同视角来理解科学理论是导致该争议的原因。

Within the thesis of incommensurability,Kuhn refutes the positivists＇ view that Newtonian mechanics can be derived from relativity mechanics.Logical empiricists identify scientific theories from the logical perspective and hold that the idea of absolute time and space is not a part of the Newtonian mechanics as a scientific theory. From the historical perspective,Kuhn emphasizes that the idea of absolute time and space is a part of the Newtonian mechanics as a theory before the advent of relativity mechanics and without the idea of time and space,the Newtonian mechanics is mutilated. The analyses of Kuhn＇s own presentation show that the difference between historical and logical perspective is the reason which leads to the controversies.