“发现”康德先天观念综合与商品交换关系现实抽象的关联——索恩-雷特尔《脑力劳动与体力劳动》初解

Discovering the Connection between Kantian A Priori Synthesis of Ideas and the Real Abstraction of Commercial Exchange Relations

索恩-雷特尔第一次明确提出用历史唯物主义的方式重新解读康德的"认识论革命",在他这里,康德的认识论构架本身是商品生产中发生的特定历史结果,知识的形式能够先验于感性世界,恰恰因之于脑力劳动从体力劳动中的历史性挣脱和分离。这种分离遮蔽了劳动创造性关系在商品交换活动的现实抽象所生成的一种构序社会存在的客观的社会先验性,而这种社会先验才是康德-黑格尔先验观念的真正根据。索恩-雷特尔第一次指认了商品交换中发生的现实抽象并不仅仅是主观思维的活动机制,作为概念生成的真正劳作工地是发生于社会存在中的一种客观抽象,恰恰是这种现实抽象建构了先验的社会生活形式,并由此规制了思维形式的主观抽象活动以生成思维形式。

Using the method provided by historical materialism,Sohn-Rethel is the first to conter-revolutionize Kantian ‘epistemological revolution'. In his conception,Kantian epistemological construction is a historical product of commercial production. The fact that various forms of knowledge could exist prior to the empirical world is due to mental labor's abstraction and separation from manual labor historically. This abstraction or separation conceals the objective social priority of labor's creative relations manifested in the real abstraction of commercial exchange,which orders the social existence. This social a priori is the real foundation of KantianHegelian a priori ideals. Sohn-Rethel identifies firstly that the real abstraction in commercial exchange is not a pure activity of subjective thinking. The real working field of ideal conceptions is a real abstraction happening in social existence. It is this real abstraction that constructs our a priori social life forms,and that further determines the forms of subjective thought abstraction.