实质性创新还是策略性创新?——宏观产业政策对微观企业创新的影响

Is it Substantive Innovation or Strategic Innovation?——Impact of Macroeconomic Policies on Micro-enterprises' Innovation

本文采用2001—2010年沪深A股上市公司的专利数据,分析中国产业政策对企业创新行为的影响及其内部机理。研究发现,受产业政策激励的公司,专利申请显著增加,但只是非发明专利显著增加,追求"数量"而忽略"质量";当公司预期将获得更多的政府补贴和税收优惠时,其专利申请、特别是非发明专利申请显著增加,选择性产业政策的财税手段使企业为"寻扶持"而创新。进一步对企业分组分析发现,上述现象只在国企组、非高新技术行业组中显著。这说明选择性产业政策只激励企业策略性创新,企业为"寻扶持"而增加创新"数量",创新"质量"并没有显著提高。发明专利申请的增加才能提高企业的市场价值,推动技术进步和获取竞争优势的实质性创新才能促进企业发展。

Using the patent applications data of A-share listed companies in SSE and SZSE from 2001 to 2010, we analyze the impact of Chinese industrial policy （CIP） on corporate innovation behavior and its internal mechanism. We find that the number of patent application increases significantly in those firms incented by CIP. However, this phenomenon occurs in the group of non-invention patent applications （NIPA）, which means that these firms pursued ＂innovation by numbers＂ and ignored ＂the quality of innovation＂. When firms expect that they will obtain more subsidies and tax incentives, the number of their patent applications, especially the number of the NIPA increased significantly, which means that the support of CIP induced enterprise to innovate for ＂ support seeking＂. To further analyze these phenomenons above, we divide the firms into SOE group and non-SOE group, as well as high-tech industry group and non-high-tech industry group. The result of the further analysis is that these phenomenons above were significant in SOE group and non-high-tech industry group, which indicated that CIP could only inspire strategic innovation, and the firms innovate for ＂support seeking＂, pursuing ＂innovation by numbers＂ instead of its quality. However, company＇s market value is improved as their invention patent applications increased. Only substantial innovation can promote enterprises development.