湖北省袋泡茶、坚果、植物油、玉米粉中黄曲霉毒素污染情况调查

Aflatoxin contamination in tea bags,nuts,vegetable oil and corn meal in Hubei Province

目的了解湖北省9个地市州袋泡茶、坚果、植物油、玉米粉中4种黄曲霉毒素的污染状况。方法2013年从湖北省9个地市州的农贸市场、超市、商场和网购随机抽取674份四类食品（袋泡茶、坚果、植物油、玉米粉）作为研究对象，采用免疫亲和层析净化高效色谱法测定AFB1、AFB2、AFGt和AFG24种黄曲霉毒素含量。结果674份样品中AFB1、AFB2、AUG1、AFG2总阳性率分别为29．67％、12．06％、29．50％、8．53％；九市州之间，四类食品（袋泡茶、坚果、植物油、玉米粉）的黄曲霉毒素的总阳性率差异无统计学意义（χ2=1．408，P=0．994）；四类食品阳性率差异有统计学意义（χ2=561．038，P=0．000），坚果最高（91．41％）；坚果样品超标率为1．95％，最大值11．2μg／kg。黄曲霉毒素B2、G1和G2因无国家限量标准未评价其超标率。结论湖北省市售袋泡茶、坚果及籽类和植物油存在4种黄曲霉毒素联合污染的状况，污染以黄曲霉毒素B1、G1为主。

： Objective To identify the aflatoxin （AF） contamination in tea bags, nuts, vegetable oil and corn meal from nine re- gions in Hubei Province. Methods Totally, 674 samples of four kinds of foodstuffs, including tea bags, nuts, vegetable oil and corn meal, were randomly sampled from farm product markets, stalls, supermarkets, markets and online shopping providers. They were subjected to determination of four aflatoxin （AFB1, AFBx, AFG1, AFG2） by high performance chromatography with immuno- affinity chromatography. Results The positive rates of AFB1, AFB2, AFG1, AFC2 in all of the 674 food samples were respectively 29.67%, 12.06%, 29.50% and 8.53%. The overall positive rates of all aflatoxin in the four kinds of food- stuffs（tea bags, nuts, vegetable oil and corn meal） were not significantly different among the nine regions（ χ2 = 1. 408, P = 0. 994）, but the positive rates of aflatoxin varied significantly among the four kinds of foodstuffs（ χ2 =561. 038, P = 0. 000）. The nuts had the highest positive rate （ 91.41% ） and a high over - standard rate （ 1.95 % ）, with the maximum content up to 11.2μg/ kg. The overstandard rates of AFB2 ,AFG1 and AFG2 were not evaluated due to unavailable national limited standards. Conclusions The tea bags, nuts, vegetable oil and corn meal in Hubei Province were contaminated by AFB1, AFB2, AFG1 and AFG2, with AFB1 and AFG1 as the dominant subtypes.