温室与露地栽培葡萄的光合及荧光参数差异分析

Analysis of Difference of Photosynthesis Characteristic and Fluorescence Parameters of Grape in Greenhouse and Open Field Cultivation

【目的】研究吐鲁番地区温室与露地栽培条件下葡萄的光合及荧光特性差异,为提高果实产量及品质提供理论依据。【方法】以‘火焰无核’及‘红旗特早’2个早熟葡萄品种为材料,使用光合仪及荧光仪测定温室与露地栽培条件下叶片光合及荧光参数,分析比较其差异。【结果】两种栽培条件下,两个葡萄品种的净光合速率日变化均为"双峰"曲线,温室栽培的净光合速率均值低于露地栽培,温室栽培条件下两个品种的叶片气孔导度与胞间CO_2浓度日均值高于露地栽培,蒸腾速率无显著差异。温室栽培条件下‘红旗特早’的净光合速率较高,露地栽培条件是火焰无核较高;两种栽培条件下‘火焰无核’气孔导度与胞间CO_2浓度日均值强于‘红旗特早’,蒸腾速率则相反,‘红旗特早’略强。温室栽培条件下两个品种的最大光化学效率与实际光化学效率均高于露地栽培,但露地栽培非光化学猝灭系数强于温室栽培。‘红旗特早’的最大光化学效率和非光化学猝灭系数明显高于‘火焰无核’。【结论】露地栽培的光合能力强于温室栽培;露地栽培‘火焰无核’的净光合速率高于‘红旗特早’,而温室栽培‘红旗特早’较高。‘火焰无核’适合于露地栽培,‘红旗特早’更适合温室栽培。

[Objective] To analyze the difference of photosynthesis and fluorescence characteristics of d open field cultivation mode in Turpan area and provide a theoretical basis for iraproving the yield and quality of fruit. [ Method ] Flame Seedless＂ and i-Iongqitezao＂ grapes under greenhouse and open field cultivation mode were taken as the testing material to measure grape photosynthesis and fluorescence parameters of different cultivation patterns by using LI - 6400 portable photosynthetic apparatus and FMS -2 pulse modulated fluorometer during which the differences were analyzed and compared [ Result] The results showed that Pn diurnal changes of two kinds of cultivation mode grapes displayed ＂bimodal＂ curve, the average of Pn in greenhouse was lower than open field cultivation; The daily average of Gs and Ci in greenhouse cultivation was higher than open field cultivation, Tr was not significantly different. The Flame Seedless ＂was higher than Hongqitezao＇in Pn, Under greenhouse conditions, Pn of Hongqitezao＇was higher, but Flame Seedless＂ was higher in open field cultivation ; Under two cultivation conditions, The daily average of Gs and Ci in Flame Seedless＇was better than Hongqitezao＇, Tr was just the opposite, Hongqitezao＇was slightly stronger. The daily average of Fv/Fm and （I）PSII in greenhouse cultivation of two varieties was higher than the open field euhivation, The NPQ of the open field cultivation was slighdy stronger; Comparison between species, the ＂ Hongqitezao＂ was Stronger than Flame Seedless＂ in Fv/Fm and NPQ. [ Conclusion ] Photosynthetic capacity in the open field cultivation is stronger than that in greenhouse cultivation; Flame Seedless＂ of Pn is higher than the Hongqitezao＂ in the open field cultivation, while Seedless＇is adaptable to open field cultivation, and greenhouse Hongqitezao＇is high. In summary, the Flame Hongqitezao＇was more suitable to greenhouse cultivation.