红枣直播建园不同树形光照与果实分布特点的研究

Research into the Distribution of Light and Fruit of Different Jujube Tree Shapes in Direct Seeding and Orchard Construction

【目的】研究红枣直播建园不同树形的光照强度和果实分布特点,探讨其对果实产量和品质的影响,确定最优树形,为提高红枣产量和品质提供依据。【方法】以第十四师224团直播建园的骏枣枣园为试材,采用圆柱形、三主枝中干形、小冠疏层形永久株Ⅰ、小冠疏层形永久株Ⅱ4种树形,测定光照强度和果实数量的空间分布以及不同层次的果实品质。【结果】4种树形光照强度表现为:随着树冠高度升高而增强,光照强度分布顺序为:小冠疏层形>圆柱形>三主枝中干形;4种树形的光照分布为:北面最弱,其它方向较为均匀。不同树形的果实品质随着果实着生部位升高而增加,树冠顶部果实性状最好,树冠北面的果实品质较差。【结论】枣树冠层的光照分布对果实分布和品质有直接影响,小冠疏层形在光照和坐果分布上明显优于圆柱形和三主枝中干形。

[Objective] To research into the distribution of light and fruit of different shapes in seeding and orchard construction of jujube, and investigate its effect on the yield and fruit quality, and determine the optimal tree for providing the reference for fruit production and quality. [ Method ] The experiment took the jun jujube orchard as the testing materials in direct seeding and orchard construction at 224th Regiment Farm of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps. The four canopy main stem shape, tree of small canopy shape permanent I, and shapes ： tree of cylindrical shape, three branches as small canopy shape permanent Ⅱ were used to measure the spatial distribution of light intensity and the quantity of fruits and the different levels of fruit quality. [ Result] The results showed that light intensity of the 4 kinds of tree were enhanced with increase of the canopy height and the order of distribution of light intensity was： small canopy shape 〉 cylindrical shape 〉 three branches as main stem shape. The distribution of light for the 4 kinds of tree was that North ： weakest and the the other directions were even. The fruits quality of different shapes was increased at the higher places of the trees. Canopy top had the best fruit traits and fruit quality at the north site was poorer. [ Conclusion] Canopy light distribution of jujube has a direct effect on fruit distribution and quality, and small cano- py shape on the illumination distribution and fruit distribution is better than cylindrical shape and three branches as main stem shape.