阿克苏地区春玉米磷阈值研究

Study on Phosphorus Threshold of Spring Maize in Akesu

【目的】研究阿克苏地区春玉米施用磷肥安全阈值,为提高新疆南疆玉米生产率和磷肥利用率,降低环境风险提供理论基础。【方法】以玉米SC704为供试品种进行田间试验,研究施磷量(4个磷素水平:0、140、280、560 kg/hm2P2O5)对玉米产量和土壤有效磷含量的影响。【结果】施磷量与玉米产量效应可以用二次曲线+平台模拟;当施磷量达141.8 kg/hm^2时,可达到平台产量11 448.9 kg/hm2;二次曲线模型中当施磷量为219.5 kg/hm^2时,玉米可达最高产量12 051.5 kg/hm^2。施磷量与Olsen-P的关系可用Y=0.047 5 X+8.67拟合,R2=0.909 9;施磷量与CaCl_2-P的关系可用Y=0.000 8X+0.112 3拟合,R2=0.843 5。磷素淋溶"突变点"为Olsen-P 26.2 mg/kg,要达到突变点所需要的施磷量为330.9 kg/hm^2。【结论】当施磷量低于330.9kg/hm^2时,不会导致该土壤CaCl_2-P猛增。在实际生产中,土壤Olsen-P达到14.4 mg/kg可获得玉米高产,其对应的施磷量为130.2 kg/hm^2。

【Objective】In order to improve maize productivity and raise the utilization ratio of phosphate fertilizer in Southern Xinjiang,the spring maize fertilizer application threshold was researched. 【Method】Taking Maize SC704 as test object,field experiment was conducted. This paper studied the influence of phosphorus application rate between maize yield and soil available P concentration.（ Phosphorus application rate was 0,140,280 and 560 kg / hm^2P_2O_5,respectively）. 【Result】The result showed that Effect of phosphorus application amount and yield of corn could be simulated by parabolic curve ＋ platform. The platform yield11,448. 9 kg / hm^2 could be reached when the phosphorus application rate reached 141. 8 kg / hm^2. The highest yield of maize could reach 12,051. 5 kg / hm^2 when phosphorus application rate was 219. 5 kg / hm^2 in quadratic curve model. The relationship between phosphorus application rate and Olsen- P was imitated as Y = 0. 0475 X ＋ 8. 67,R2= 0. 909,9; the relationship between phosphorus application rate and CaCl_2- P was simulated by Y = 0. 000,8X ＋ 0. 112,3,R2= 0. 843,5. The local P leaching change- point was Olsen- P 26. 2 mg / kg while Phosphorus application amount corresponding was 330. 9 kg / hm^2.【Conclusion】It did not happen that CaCl_2- P rose sharply when phosphorus application amount was lower than 330. 9 kg / hm^2. In the actual production,maize high yield can be obtained while soil Olsen- P reached to 14. 4 mg / kg,and the quantity of phosphorus application rate was 130. 2 kg / hm^2.