大隐静脉瓣膜的形态特点及其意义

Morphological characteristics and clinical significance of great saphenous venous valve

目的：为临床诊断和治疗大隐静脉曲张、构建组织工程静脉瓣提供形态学基础。方法：34侧大隐静脉股段标本按自身比例均分为近、中和远3段，手术显微镜下解剖、观察瓣膜的形态，测量相关数值，分析瓣膜与静脉属支的关系。对新鲜瓣膜行Masson三色改良染色和H—E染色。结果：大隐静脉股段瓣膜数为（3．18±0．94）个，瓣膜以半月形双叶瓣为主，瓣膜方位无显著性差异，隐一股点主要位于属支汇入处的远心端（Ⅲ型）。瓣膜的窦面和腔面均覆着一层内皮细胞，在管腔面内皮下层覆着数层网状的弹力纤维，瓣膜主要由胶原纤维构成。结论：通过对大隐静脉瓣膜形态学研究，获取了其基本形态学特点及数据，为进一步临床研究及组织工程构建人工瓣膜提供形态学参考。

Objective： To provide morphological evidence for surgery and tissue engineering. Methods： Totally 34 sides of healthy great saphenous veins were dissected. Each vein was equally divided into the proximal, intermediate, and distal segments. The venous valves of the three parts were observed and measured under an operating microscope. The relations of the venous roots and valves were analyzed, and H-E staining and trichrome staining were processed in some fresh leaflets. Results： There were （3. 81 _＋ 1.44） valves in the femoral part of great saphenous vein. The main appearance of valves was double crescent-shaped leaflets. Meanwhile there was no significance among all sections in position （P〉0. 05）. The major relation of venous roots and valves was type Ⅲ which was in the distal end of the inlet. In histology, the surface was a wrap of endothelial cells（ECs）. A piece of elastic fibers covered the lumina surface, and the main component of valves was collagen fibers in the outer surface. Conclusion： The present morphological characteristics and data of the great saphenous venous valve provides reference for further clinical researches and construction of the tissue engineered venous valve