木质纤维素高效降解的动物源机制

The Mechanism of Degrading Lignocelluloses Effectively in Lower-animal Termites

生物质资源在解决能源短缺和环境污染方面有着巨大的潜力,但生物质的低成本高效转化利用机制仍需进行深入研究。在动物源木质纤维素降解体系中,选取低等白蚁进行了系统分析,由于其体内具有高效转化木质纤维素系统,其肠道消化体系是一个非常高效的"生物反应器"。白蚁体内含丰富的木质纤维素降解酶系和高效微生物资源,在白蚁-共生微生物双重作用下,纤维素和半纤维素能够被高效降解。通过分子生物技术,可对纤维素酶和半纤维素酶进行异源表达,表达产物活性高。文章阐述了低等白蚁的木质纤维素降解酶系统,共生微生物的多样性及功能和高效降解木质纤维素机制,以及木质纤维素酶异源表达情况,为生物质低成本、系统的高效转化利用提供新的方向和思路。

The low cost and high efficient degradation of lignocelluloses are needing more intensive studies for its resource utilization. Some lower level animals as termite have efficient＂bio-reactor＂in the body,which contains rich lignocellulose degradation enzyme and high efficient microbial resources,under their dual action the cellulose and hemicellulose could be efficiently degraded. In this paper,the degradation system of animal sourced lignocelluloses in termites was analyzed. The enzyme system of lignocelluloses degradation,the symbiotic microorganisms,their functions,the degradation mechanisms in termites,and the heterogonous expression of enzyme,were stated. Using molecular biological techniques,cellulase and hemicellulase could be expressed heterologously,and the expression products had high activity.