北京市流动中小学生超重及肥胖影响因素分析

Prevalence and influencing factors of overweight and obesity among floating primary and middle school students in Beijing

目的了解北京市流动中小学生超重和肥胖流行状况及影响因素,为采取相应干预措施提供理论依据。方法利用多阶段整群抽样,于2010年6月对北京市2 461名小学一年级至初中三年级流动中小学生超重与肥胖状况及可能的影响因素进行分析。结果流动中小学生超重发生率为8.6%,且男生(9.9%)高于女生(7.0%)(P<0.05),流动中小学生肥胖发生率为5.5%,男生(6.9%)亦高于女生(3.8%)(P<0.05);小学生超重发生率为8.9%,中学生为8.0%,二者差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),小学生肥胖发生率(6.4%)高于中学生(3.5%)(P<0.05);多元回归分析结果显示,父母超重及有电脑且能上网是超重的危险因素;男性、流动时间较长、家庭子女数较少、母亲文化程度较高、父母肥胖及锻炼时间较少是肥胖的危险因素。结论流动中小学生超重与肥胖的发生与多种因素有关,除家庭环境因素外,生活方式及遗传也是可能的影响因素。

Objective To investigate the prevalence and risk factors of overweight and obesity among floating primary and middle school students in Beijing. Methods Totally 2 461 floating primary and middle school students in Beijing were selected with multistage random cluster sampling for a questionnaire survey and physical examination in June2010. Results The overall prevalence rate of overweight and obesity were 8. 6%（ 9. 9% for the males and 7. 0% for the females） and 5. 5%（ 6. 9% for the males and 3. 8% for the females） among the students,respectively. There were significant gender differences in the prevalence rate of oversight and obesity（ P〈0. 05）. The prevalence rates of overweight and obesity in the primary school students were 8. 9% and 6. 4% and those in the middle school students were8. 0% and 3. 5%,respectively,with significant differences in the prevalence rates between the two groups（ both P〈0. 05）. M ultinomial logistic regression analysis showed that using computer with online service and with familial history of overweight or obesity were related to overweight（ both P〈0. 05）; male gender,longer duration of migration,fewer children in the family,higher education background of mother,familial history of overweight or obesity,and less physical exercise were related to obesity（ all P〈0. 05）. Conclusion Overweight and obesity among floating primary and middle school students relate with many factors,including family characteristics,life style and genetic influence.