强化公共政策法治化:意义、路径与条件

Improved Public Policy under the Rule of Law:Significance,Path and Conditions

当前,各级地方政府应当将传统的只适合于计划经济和集权政治的制定方针、政策、措施、办法的行政决策和行政执行转向适合多元协同治理现代公共事务的公共政策活动。相当多的政府部门和作为政策活动主体的公职人员关心公共政策的科学性、民主性,却轻视或忽略了法治性。为保障公共政策活动的科学性和民主性,必须从整体上强化公共政策活动的法治性,具体的路径是强化公共政策活动的程序合法性和形式合法性,将公共政策的法治性从程序的、形式的合法性上升为实质的、内容的合法性,从对普通民众的合法性要求上升为公共部门的、更高级的合法性,从自律的合法性转向自律与他律相结合的合法性。公共政策的法治化既与总体社会的法治化程度有关,还要强化各级政府和政策活动的主体——公职人员的观念创新和知识积累,营造他律环境,使人民真正成为政府公共权力的约束主体和监督主体,并建立严密的政策法治化审查体系。

Local governments at various levels shall convert administrative decisions and measures which are only suitable for the traditional planned economy and totalitarian political guidelines,policies and measures to public policy activities that are suitable for multiple cooperative governance of modern public affairs. Quite a number of government departments and public officials which play the role of the subject of policy activities are concerned with the scientific,democratic part of the public policy,but they belittle,or ignore its feature of legalization.Therefore,the rule of law in the activities of public policy must be strengthened on the whole.Efforts should be taken in strengthening the legalization of procedures in public policy activities,consolidating the legalization of forms. The legalization of public policy activities is changed from procedure and form to essence and substance,from individual stages to the more advanced whole public sector,and from the legitimacy of the self-discipline to the legitimacy of the combination of self-discipline and heteronomy. Implementation of public policy under the rule of law is related to the rule-of-law level of whole society,enhances the public servants as the main part of policy activities of all levels of government to innovate conception,and accumulate knowledge and create an atmosphere of heteronomy,so that people truly constrain and supervise the public power of government,and build a strict policy legalization review system.