意外低体温症研究进展

Research progress in study of accidental hypothermia

意外低体温症是指由于落水、雪埋、寒冷环境暴露等意外情况导致的机体核心温度低于35℃时的状态。体温过低对机体心血管系统、呼吸系统、消化系统等都会造成影响,体温过低、酸中毒和凝血障碍三联征是加速低体温患者死亡的重要因素。一直以来早期、及时应用复温措施被作为低体温症的基本救治原则。加温输液复温、呼吸道复温、胸腹腔灌洗复温、食管加热复温、血管内温度控制复温、静脉-静脉旁路复温、心肺旁路复温、ECMO复温等方法近年广泛使用。本文就意外低体温症的分类、对机体的影响、治疗等研究进展做一综述。

Accidental hy pothermia refers to a state of lowering of core body temperature down to 35 ℃ induced by drowning, burial in snow and prolonged exposure to cold environment, etc. Hypothermia may affect the cardiovascular system, respiratory system, digestive system, etc. The triad consisting ＂ hypothermia, acidosis and coagulopathy ＂ is an important factor accelerating the death of patients. Early, timely application of rewarming measures is regarded as the basic principle in treatment of hypothermia. A series of rewarming measures, such as infusion of warm fluids, inspiration of warm air, abdominal infusion of warm fluid, instruction of warm fluid into pleural cavity, intravenous infusion of warm fluid, rewarming through ECMO, etc. have been used recently. Advance in research on the classification of hypothermia, its impact to the body and the treatment methods are reviewed in present paper.