放射性气溶胶压制剂的制备与性能

Preparation and Performance of One Kind Resin for Capturing and Encapsulating Radioactive Aerosols

针对核活动中可能产生的放射性气溶胶污染,以聚乙烯醇为基材,丙烯酰胺为改性功能单体,采用自由基溶液聚合方法,制备出高黏度的具有交联网络结构的水溶性放射性气溶胶压制剂。通过红外光谱和核磁表征表明,丙烯酰胺与基材发生了接枝反应;通过扫描电镜测试对放射性气溶胶压制剂的微观形貌观察可知,压制剂具有交联网状多孔洞结构;经过差示扫描量热分析、热重表征,由于具有交联结构,分子链运动受阻,与均聚丙烯酰胺比较,玻璃化转变温度提高了1.48℃,熔点降低了9.81℃,初始分解温度提高了18.12℃,无序性增大,结晶性减弱,热稳定性增强;模拟喷淋雾化试验测试其压制效果,黏度为1755 m Pa·s的压制剂效果可达到68.54%。

For radioactive aerosols contaminated nuclear activities that might arise,using polyvinyl alcohol（ PVA） as substrate,polyacrylamide（ PAM） was synthesized with acrylamide as monomer by aqueous,and the water-soluble resin with the structure of crosslinking network was prepared. The structures of the resin were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy（ FT-IR） and1H-NMR. The results show that grafting reaction occurs in acrylamide and polyvinyl alcohol. Testing of the graft polymer by SEM morphology observation shows that the graft polymer has crosslinked networks with holes. Since having a crosslinked structure,the molecular chain movement is blocked through DSC and TGA characterization. Compared with polyacrylamide,glass transition temperature increases by 1. 48 ℃,the melting point decreases by 9. 81 ℃,the initial decomposition temperature increases by 18. 12 ℃,the disorder increases,the crystallinity abates,and the thermal stability is enhanced. The spray atomization experiment shows that the pressure preparation effect of suppress with the viscosity of 1755 m Pa·s can reach 68. 54%.