民族教育中的“两难”问题与深化综合改革的思路——以甘肃省甘南藏族自治州为例

Dilemma in Ethnic Education and Thoughts about Deepening the Comprehensive Reform——Taking Gannan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture in Gansu Province as an Example

综合改革是新时期教育改革的总定位。受自然、地理、历史、文化等因素影响,推进民族教育综合改革既面临一般问题,也存在特殊困难。根据对甘肃省甘南藏族自治州的调研,民族教育事业发展过程中,在统筹力量给予支持与充分调动地方积极性之间、保持教育的非功利性与增强教育的实用性之间、不同学段双语教学模式的选择之间、立足本土培养师资与引进人才之间、维持民族地区学生相对独立升学路径与拓宽学生成才通道之间,存在一些持续张力和"两难",是综合改革应当着力突破的重点和难点。要不失时机地推动资源配置方式、人才培养模式和政府管理方式改革,采取有效政策工具,稳妥解决这些"两难"问题,使各族学生共享教育公平。

Educational reform in the new era is aimed at a comprehensive reform. Due to natural,geographical,history and cultural influences,there are both general problems and special difficulties in promoting a comprehensive reform of ethnic education. According to an investigation of Ganna Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture in Gansu,in the development of ethnic education,there exist a continuous tension and dilemma between the overall planning of support and giving a full play to the local government; between maintaining nonutility of education and increasing practicability of education; between the selections of bilingual teaching mode in different learning stages; between training local teachers and brain gain; and between keeping a relatively independent path for students in ethnic regions to pursue higher learning and widening the channel of cultivating talents. These are the key and difficult points in the comprehensive reform which should be broken through. In order to solve these problems,we should seize the opportunity to promote the reforms in resources allocation,talent training mode and the government management mode,and take effective policy to ensure that students of different ethnic groups can enjoy educational fairness.