河西灌区马铃薯覆盖节水效应及覆膜方法

Water-saving Effect of Mulching Material and Covering Method in Hexi Irrigated Area

针对冷凉灌区马铃薯不同覆盖材料开展田间试验,研究了主要地膜种类和麦草的节水效果,垄作覆膜压土的技术效应。结果表明,覆盖地膜提高0~40 cm土层的保墒效果。不同地膜保墒效应为普通地膜>黑地膜>降解膜。与露地栽培相比,地膜覆盖节约灌水量26.1%,增产23.7%~30.0%。地膜覆盖灌水生产效率平均为16.5~17.4 kg/m^3,高于露地栽培和麦草覆盖。与传统覆膜方法相比,覆膜压土技术提高马铃薯出苗率6.9%~13.9%;苗期促进了地下单株生根数和根长;压土处理减少了病害发病率。

Field trial was conducted to study the water-saving effect of mulching materials and covering methods in cool irrigated area. Plastic mulching improved the water retention in 0-40 cm soil. The water retention effect of various plastic mulching was ranked as ordinary plastic mulching 〉 black plastic mulching 〉 degradable plastic mulching. Compared with open field culture, plastic mulching saved irrigation water by 26.1%, and increased yield by 23.7% to 30.0%. Production efficiency of irrigation water under plastic film mulching was 16.5-17.4 kg/m3, which was obviously higher than that of open field and wheat straw mulching. Compared with traditional mulching method, pressing some soils on plastic sheet increased the potato emergence percentage by 6.9%-13.9%. And also root number and length were also increased. Furthermore, pressing some soils on plastic sheet decreased some disease incidence.