合肥市15岁及以上城乡居民高血压患病状况调查分析

Analysis on prevalence of hypertension and its associated factors among residents over 15 years old in Hefei

目的 了解合肥市15岁及以上城乡居民高血压患病状况及影响因素,为制定综合防控措施提供参考依据。方法 通过多阶段分层随机整群抽样的方法,抽取合肥市15岁及以上的城乡居民1778名,采用集中和入户相结合形式进行询问调查和体格检查。采用多因素Logistic回归方法对高血压的影响因素进行分析。结果 合肥市高血压患病率为35.3%,其中,城市居民患病率为33.8%,农村居民患病率为36.6%,差异无统计学意义（χ^2=1.46,P=0.227）。15岁及以上居民高血压患病率（6.9%~54.2%）随着年龄增长而升高（χ^2趋势=127.20,P〈0.001）,且男性患病率高于女性（χ^2=8.22,P=0.004）。多因素Logistic回归分析发现,性别、年龄≥45岁、高血压家族史、超重、肥胖及腹型肥胖是合肥市城乡居民高血压患病的危险因素。结论 合肥市15岁及以上城乡居民高血压患病率较高,应根据本市的患病特征开展有针对性的防控措施,加强卫生宣传和健康教育,改善不良的生活方式,维持适当体重,从而降低高血压患病风险。

Objectives To understand the prevalence of hypertension and its associated factors among residents o- ver 15 years old in Hefei, and to provide the scientific evidence for prevention and control. Methods A total of 1 778 res- idents over 15 years old were sampled by multi-stage and stratified random cluster sampling. They were interviewed in household and in centralized style with questionnaire and physical examination. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis model was used to analyze the influencing factors of the hypertention prevalence. Results The prevalence rate of hyperten- sion in Hefei was 35.3%. Besides, the prevalence rates of hypertension in urban and rural areas were 33.8% and 36. 6% respectively. There was no significant difference between the prevalence rates in urban areas （33.8%） and that in rural ar- eas （36. 6% ） （x2= 1.46,P = 0. 227 ）. The prevalence rate of hypertension increased with age （x2trend = 127.20, P 〈 0. 001 ）. The prevalence rate in male was higher than that in female（ x2 = 8.22 ,P =0. 004）. Multivariate Logistic regres- sion analysis resuhs showed that sex, older than 45 years, family history of hypertension, overweight, obesity and central o- besity were risk factors of hypertension. Conclusions The prevalence of hypertension among residents over 15 years old in urban and rural areas of Hefei was high. Targeted prevention and control measures should be developed according to the dis- ease characteristics of the city. More emphases should be put on health propaganda and health education to change un- healthy lifestyle, to keep proper weight and decrease risk factors of hypertension in Hefei.