天然云冷杉针阔混交林立地质量评价

Site Quality Assessment of Natural Spruce-fir Mixed Forest

以吉林省汪清林业局金沟岭林场中的41块天然云冷杉针阔混交林样地为对象,选取了14个立地因子作为指标进行立地质量分类与评价。根据不同性质,将评价指标分成宏观因子(土层厚度、坡向、坡位、坡度及海拔)和微观因子(枯落物厚度、自然含水率、土壤密度、p H值、有机质、全氮、全磷、有效磷及速效钾)。采用熵值赋权法和主成分分析赋权法确定立地因子的权重并计算得分,根据各自得分进行聚类分析。结果表明:(1)宏观立地质量评价可分为4类(优、良、一般和差)。第1类为优,主要特征为地势平缓,平均坡度为6.0°;第2类为良,主要特征为地势相对较平缓,平均坡度为11.1°;第3类为一般,主要特征为地势相对较陡,平均坡度为15.2°;第4类为差,主要特征为地势陡峭,平均坡度为21.1°。(2)微观立地质量评价也相应分为优、良、一般和差4类。本研究结果可为今后适地适树地进行造林规划、合理营林措施的设计、林地生产力预估以及森林资源资产评估提供科学依据。

Taking the 41 fields of the natural spruce-fir mixed forest in the Jingouliug Forestry Center of Wangqing Forestry Bureau in Jilin Province, we selected 14 site factors as indicators to classify and evaluate the site quality. We divided the indicators to the macroscopic （soil depth, slope direction, slope position, slope and altitude） and the microscopic （litter depth, moisture content, soil density, pH, organic material, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, available phosphorus and available potassium）. We analyzed the weight of the site factors and score to take the cluster analysis by entropy weighting method and principal components methods. The macroscopic and the microscopic evaluation were classified into four classes. The feature of the macroscopic evaluation of first class is with the gentle terrain slopes and average slope of 6.0°, and the feature of the microscopic evaluation is with excellent soil fertility. The feature of the macroscopic evaluation of second class is with relatively gentle terrain slopes, average slope of 11.1 ° , and the feature of the microscopic evaluation is with the good soil fertility. The feature of the macroscopic evaluation of the third class is with the relatively steep terrain slopes and average slope of 15.2°, and the feature of the microscopic evaluation is with fair soil fertility. The feature of the macroscopic evaluation of the forth class is with steep terrain slopes and the average slope of 21.1°, and the feature of the microscopic evaluation is with poor soil fertility.