气象要素对‘清香’核桃坚果外观品质的影响

Effect of Meteorological Elements on ‘Qingxiang'Walnut Appearance Quality

以‘清香’核桃为试材,分析了温带向亚热带过渡地区‘清香’核桃品种的主要外观品质(单果质量、壳厚、核仁饱满度等)与峰值日照时间、平均极端温度、降水等气象要素的相关性。结果表明:在温带向亚热带过渡地区,5—8月份峰值日照时间与单果质量和壳厚呈显著的负相关关系;5月份降水时间和降水量与单果质量和壳厚呈极显著正相关,而6—8月份降水量与壳厚呈极显著负相关,7、8月份降水量与单果质量呈极显著负相关;平均极端温度对坚果单果质量和壳厚影响不大,8月份日均最高温和日均最低温与‘清香’核桃饱满度呈正相关关系。试验表明,‘清香’核桃单果质量、果壳厚、核仁饱满度等外观品质变化与气象要素密切相关,初步说明核桃同一品种实现跨区域优质栽培时考虑气象要素的必要性。

We studied the relationship between the peak sunshine, average extreme temperature, rainfall and the main appearance quality such as single nut weight, shell thickness and kernel plumpness of ＇ Qingxiang＇ walnut. In transitional area from the temperate zone to the subtropical zone, the nut weight and shell thickness were negatively correlated with the peak sunshine from May to August significantly, and were positively correlated with the rainfall and raining days in May significantly, but had no correlation with the average extreme temperature in fruit growing period. While the shell thickness was negatively correlated with the rainfall significantly from June to August, and single nut weight was negatively correlated with the rainfall from July to August significantly. The kernel plumpness was positively correlated with the mean maximum temperature and the minimum temperature of August. There was close relationship between ＂Qinxiang＂ walnut appearance quality, including single nut weight, shell thickness, kernel plumpness et al., and meteorological factors, and the meteorological factor is very necessary for realizing high-effective cross-region cultivation of the same variety.