城市森林不同林型下土壤基本理化特性及土壤真菌多样性

Basic Soil Physicochemical Properties and Soil Fungal Diversity under Different Forest Types of Urban Forest

以东北林业大学哈尔滨城市林业示范基地8种人工纯林（胡桃楸、水曲柳、黄檗、白桦、兴安落叶松、樟子松、黑皮油松、红皮云杉）为研究对象,在对不同纯林的土壤酸碱度、相对含水量和电导率等基本理化性质检测的基础上,进行了各样品的土壤真菌宏基因组间差异研究,结果显示：不同人工纯林的土壤酸碱度、相对含水量和电导率都存在着显著的差异,p H值的变化范围在4.597~7.393,相对含水量为4.11%~10.90%,土壤电导率为953.000~3 443.333μs·cm-1,其中胡桃楸林的土壤p H值和电导率最高,兴安落叶松林相反。土壤真菌宏基因组检测发现9个样品土壤真菌宏基因组间存在明显的差异,9个样品中共检测到8个真菌门、24个纲、63个目、124个科、211个属、362个种。其中真菌门和真菌纲水平的变化最明显,主要涵盖了子囊菌门、担子菌门、壶菌门、接合菌门、球囊菌门。另外,在黑皮油松中检测到近年来新发现的子囊菌门古菌根菌纲真菌,在对照样品中检测到担子菌门柄锈菌亚门伞型束梗孢菌纲真菌,在胡桃楸和水曲柳样品中检测到球囊菌门真菌,而担子菌门黑粉菌亚门外担菌纲真菌仅在对照和红皮云杉样品中检测到。在真菌门分类水平上,胡桃楸、水曲柳、兴安落叶松、樟子松样品中以子囊菌门真菌为优势菌种;白桦、黑皮油松、红皮云杉样品以担子菌门真菌为优势菌种。在真菌纲分类水平上,主要以伞菌纲真菌为优势菌种。水曲柳土样样品中发现优势菌种为子囊菌门盘菌亚门下的粪壳菌纲真菌。

We selected eight kinds of plantations from Urban Forestry Demonstration Base of Northeast Forestry University, including Juglans mandshurica, Fraxinus mandshurica, Phellodendron amurense, Betula platyphylla, Larix gmelinii, Pinus sylvestris vat. mongolica, Pinus tabulaeformis var. mukdensis, Picea koraiensis, and forest edge grassland as control to determine the main soil physicochemical properties including soil pH, relative water content and electrical conductivity, and detected the soil fungal metagenomics diversity. There were significant variation among different soil samples in three soil basic properties, such as 4.597-7.393 for pH value,4.11%-10.90% for relative water content, 953.000-3 443.333 μs · cm^-1 for soil electrical conductivity. The pH value and soil electrical conductivity were highest for soil of Juglans mandshurica plantation, and the lowest for Larix gmelinii plantation. There were great difference in soil fungal metagenomics among eight soil samples. Total of 362 species, 211 genera, 124 families, 63 orders and 24 classes, 8 eumycota were in all soil samples. There were clear changes in the level of Eumycophyta and Eumycetes, including Ascomycota, Basidiomycota, Chytridiomycota, Zygomycota, and Glomeromycota. An ancient mycorrhizal fungi of Ascomycota newly discovered in recent years was found in the forest soil of Pinus tabulaeformis var. Mukdensis, while Agaricostibomycete fungi of pucciniomycoti- na, Basidiomycota were detected in the control samples and Glomeromycota fungi in the forest soil of Juglans mandshurica and Fraxinus mandshurica, Exobasidiomycete fungi of Ustilaginomycotina Basidiomycota were only detected in the forest soil of Picea koraiensis and control. The dominant species were the fungi of Ascomycota phylum in the forest soil of Juglans mandshurica, Fraxinus mandshurica, Larix gmelinii, Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica, and Basidiomycota fungi in the forest soil of Betula platyphylla, Pinus tabulaeformis var. Mukdensis, Picea koraiensis in Eumycophyta level. The dominate species in Enmycetes level were mainly Agaricomycetes fungi, in which sordariomycetes fungi of Pezizomycotina, Ascomycota as the dominate species were only found in the soil sample of Fraxinus mandshurica.