选举质量和村干部监督制度对村民自治效果的影响

The Impact of Election Quality and Rural Cadre's Supervision Institution on Villager Self-governance Performance

近年来我国村干部腐败现象频发,村民自治效果不尽人意。以村民评价为标尺,借助有序选择模型,采用来自民政部的全国村民自治状况抽样调查数据,对影响村民自治效果的制度因素进行实证研究。结果表明:村委会选举质量、村集体决策民主、村务公开监督小组和村委会每年向村民(代表)会议报告工作的制度等能提高村民对村民自治效果的评价,而是否有村规民约或村民自治章程对村民评价没有影响。因而国家应出台行之有效的政策以强化村民自治制度建设,尤其是应完善村务公开监督小组和村委会每年向村民会议报告工作的相关制度,以提升我国村民自治效果。

Recent years have witnessed the amazing increase in the number of village cadres＇ taking bribes,which implies that the Villager Self-governance（ VSG） performance remains un-satisfying. Using villager＇s perception as a metric of VSG performance,employing an ordered probit model,and based on a nationwide survey dataset sponsored by China＇s Ministry of Civil Affairs,the empirical study reaches the following conclusion： election quality,the degree of democracy in village collective decision-making,the supervising team to ensure the transparency of village affairs,and the practice of Village Committee＇s working report to villager congress every year can upgrade villager＇s perception,while whether or not having a VSG statue can＇t. Thus,to improve the VSG performance,the Central Government should take effective measures to propel the establishment of VSG institution,particularly to perfect the systems such as supervising team and VC＇s working report to villager congress every year.