油溶性双亲分子对草桥稠油缔合结构与流动性的影响

Effects of Oil-Soluble Amphiphiles on Associating State and Flowability of Caoqiao Heavy Oil

通过DSC热分析、黏温特性测量、电导率测量和粒度分析手段研究了碱性、酸性、Bolar型和Gemini型四类双亲分子对草桥稠油缔合结构与流动性的影响。实验结果表明,碱性烷基胺类是良好的沥青质絮凝剂,能够使稠油的电导率降低、沥青质颗粒粒径增大,稠油黏度显著减小。十二烷基苯磺酸、Gemini型双亲分子(邻苯二甲酸双十八酰胺)是良好的沥青质分散剂,能够使稠油的电导率提高、沥青质颗粒粒径减小,稠油黏度明显增大。Bolar型双亲分子(乙二胺、癸二酸)虽然也起到一定絮凝沥青质、增大颗粒粒径的作用,但由于极性颗粒数量的显著增加(Bolar型双亲分子自缔合形成大量极性胶团),宏观表现为稠油电导率和黏度的增大。碱性十二烷基苯胺与酸性十二烷基苯酚、月桂酸对稠油中沥青质颗粒的分散作用有限,不能显著改变稠油的电导率和黏度。

The effects of four types amphiphiles, alkaline, acidic, Bolar and Gemini, on associating structure and flowability of Caoqiao heavy oil were investigated through DSC analysis, viscosity-temperature test, conductivity measurement and particle size analysis. Experimental results show that the alkaline alkyl amines act as asphaltenes flocculants, which decrease the conductivity of heavy oils and flocculate asphaltene aggregates into larger units, these cause the obvious viscosity decrease of heavy oil. Dodecyl benzene sulfonic acid and 1,2-benzenedicarboxylic acid（dioctadecanamide of Gemini type） perform as asphaltenes dispersants, bringing up the conductivity of heavy oils and dispersing asphaltene aggregates into smaller units, resulting in the significant viscosity increase of heavy oil. In addition, ethylenediamine and sebacic acid of Bolar-type amphiphilies can not only flocculate asphaltenes particles into larger ones, but also self associate into large amounts of polar micelles in heavy oil thus greatly enhancing the efficient polar fractions, which causes the conductivity and viscosity increase of heavy oil. The asphaltenes dispersion ability of dodecylaniline of alkaline type, lauric acid and dodecylphenol of acidic type is limited in the heavy oil, and do not significantly change the conductivity and viscosity of heavy oil.