2014年陕西省市售食品中重金属污染调查及评价

Survey and evaluation of heavy metal contamination in foods in Shaanxi Province in 2014

目的对陕西省6类食品中铅、镉、汞、砷的含量进行检测,并对其污染状况做出综合评价,从而为陕西省开展食品安全评估和采取针对性的控制措施提供科学依据。方法在陕西省境内10个地市的大型农贸市场、批发市场和超市,采集粮食562份、蔬菜340份、水果174份、肉类228份、蛋类144份和奶类108份,6类食品共1 556份。利用电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS)测定铅(Pb)、镉(Cd)的含量,应用GB/T 5009.11—2003《食品中总砷及无机砷的测定》中氢化物原子荧光法测定砷(As)的含量,利用测汞仪直接测定汞(Hg)的含量,采用单项污染指数及综合污染指数对不同类食品中铅、镉、汞、砷的污染状况做出评价,并对陕西省居民经此6类食品摄入铅、镉、汞、砷的人体健康风险进行描述。结果陕西省6类食品中,铅、汞含量均值最高的都是肉类,分别为0.049 0和0.003 3 mg/kg,镉、砷含量均值最高的是粮食类,含量均值均为0.025 0 mg/kg;利用单项污染指数和综合污染指数对6类食品中铅、镉、汞、砷含量进行评价,均可评价为安全、清洁;由6类食品摄入铅、镉、汞、砷的安全限值(MOS)<1。结论陕西省6类食品不同程度的受到了铅、镉、汞、砷的污染,但总体污染程度较低,铅、镉、汞、砷对食品安全影响的风险较低。

Objective The aim of this study was to measure the contents of lead,cadmium,mercury and arsenic in six kinds of foods,evaluate its contamination condition in Shaanxi Province,and to provide evidence not only for the evaluation of foods safety but also for the effective measures to control heavy metal contamination.Methods Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer was employed to measure lead and cadmium contents,hydride generation-atomic fluorescence spectrometry was used to measure arsenic contents,and mercury vapourmeter was used to measure mercury contents.One factor contamination index and comprehensive pollution indices were employed to evaluate the metal contamination of different kinds of foods.Moreover,the health risk of heavy metals exposure from foods was described.Results In six kinds of foods in Shaanxi,the lead and mercury contents in meat were the highest at 0.049 0 and 0.003 3 mg/kg respectively.The contents of cadmium and arsenic in grain crop were the highest at 0.025 0 mg/kg.The contents of lead,cadmium,mercury and arsenic measured by single contamination index and comprehensive contamination index were safe and clean,and the margins of safety of lead,cadmium,mercury and arsenic in six kinds of foods were below one.Conclusion Six kinds of foods were contaminated by lead,cadmium,mercury and arsenic,but the content were low.The risks of these heavy metals are acceptable,and the foods are all safe to eat.