旅游型海岛的犯罪现象:鼓浪屿案例研究

Assessing and Preventing Crime on a Tourism Destination Island:Case Study of Gulangyu Island

识别旅游型海岛犯罪案件的发生特征是构建犯罪防控体系的基础。文章从厦门鼓浪屿2009—2013年的公安接处警数据中遴选出犯罪案件,通过案例信息的二次分析、编码,构建案例数据库,采用聚类分析、相关分析、因果检验等方法分析旅游型海岛犯罪案件的发生特征。并据此构建了以公安机关为主体的旅游型海岛犯罪防控体系,从公安机关犯罪防控管理优化、旅游地全员参与、驻岛单位协同管理等3个层面展开犯罪防控工作。

Distinguishing the characteristics of crimes occurring on tourism destination islands can serve as a basis for constructing effective crime prevention and control systems to protect tourists,tourism industry workers,and island residents.This study examined criminal incidents on Gulangyu Island（Fujian Province,China）from 2009 to 2013.Through secondary analysis and coding of the incidents,we built a database of crimes committed against tourists.We used cluster analysis,correlation analysis,and causality test methods to analyze the characteristics of crimes on the island.We found the following：（1）Tourists are more vulnerable to theft of personal property.（2）The total number of crimes,the ratio of crimes against tourists,and the total number of each type of crime are not consistent with the tourist season.（3）Different types of crime phenomena show clear commonalities of specific times and peak periods of crimes against tourists between 10 a.m.and 10 p.m.（4）Theft is the most common crime committed against tourists and assault is most common against tourism workers.（5）In our study,we created a map illustrating areas with especially high crime incidence on Gulangyu.Crimes against tourists were found to be concentrated around roads,stores,and hotels;places where tourists accumulate.（6）A multidimensional cross-analysis of crimes found that theft accounted for the majority of criminal acts against tourists and mainly occurred in areas of high tourist concentration between 11 a.m.and 6 p.m.Stolen items included mobile phones,cameras,and purses,with the value of loss typically ranging 2000–5000 yuan.We constructed a crime prevention and control system based on the characteristics of crimes that occurred on this island.Tourism destination islands differ from other tourism destinations and scenic areas in two main ways：the relatively singular traffic flow to and from islands,and the fact that islands have their own resident communities.Crime prevention and control systems therefore require unique attributes.We suggest that such systems should take measures focused on three aspects.First,public security organs play an important role in the system.They should take full advantage of the isolated island space,enhancing crime control measures in criminally active areas at times of the highest incidence of crime.At the same time,public security organs should maximize crime prevention and control efforts by creating a database of crimes committed against tourists and strengthening the use of new media platforms,such as mobile phone bulletins,microblogs and the public police We Chat number.Second,communities need to be sincerely involved in crime prevention and control systems.Neighborhood communities should actively cooperate with public security organs in these efforts.Communities should participate in the targeted actions against crime under the command of the public security organ,and should standardize management of tourism.Third,tourism destination islands are also home to government offices,state enterprises,and many other businesses,all of which should participate in crime prevention and control.For instance,ferry companies can bolster their patrols in key places,the telecoms sector can assist public security organs in installing emergency phones in highcrime areas,and relevant government office scan assist in building the security environment.