论口述史的文本书写形态

Study on the Text Writing Form of Oral History

口述史在受到广泛关注并产出大量成果的同时,还有很多理论问题和实践问题亟待解决。其中,口述史应该用怎样的书写形态来展示研究成果,就是一个影响口述史发展的现实问题。当前口述史的书写形态呈现很多"乱象",最突出的问题就是将其与访谈录、回忆录等混淆,把口述史与口述史料等同,对口述史料缺乏延伸性研究等。造成"乱象"的原因在于对口述史定义核心要素的认识不统一或模糊。口述史与传统史学研究的主要区别是"口述",而对"口述史料"的"研究"则是口述史与访谈录等的主要区别。因此,口述史成果的文本书写形态,应该体现"口述"与"研究"这两个基本特征。

While oral history has aroused widespread concern and produced a large number of achievements, there remains many theoretical and practical problems to be solved. Employing what writing form to show the research results is a real issue affecting the development of oral history. Many ＂chaotic phenomena＂ are presented in current writing forms of oral history. The most prominent problems are confusing it with interviews and memoirs, considering it the same as oral historical materials, and lacking of expanded study to historical materials. The main reason of ＂chaotic phenomena＂ is the confusion about the core elements of oral history definition. The difference between oral history research and traditional history research is ＂oral＂, then ＂research＂ on ＂oral history materials＂ should be the distinct difference with interviews and memories, etc. Therefore, the text writing form of oral history research should reflect these two basic characteristics ＂oral＂ and ＂research＂.