结构主义与后结构主义异同辨析

Similarities and Differences between Structuralism and Post-Structuralism

瑞士语言学家索绪尔提出:语言符号连结的不是事物和名称,而是概念和音响形象。说明白点儿,我们使用符号所进行的指意活动,不是指向符号之外的客观现实,而是指向我们正在使用的符号自身。这是结构主义和后结构主义的共同出发点。然而,如果说结构主义在索绪尔命题中看到的是每一次表意活动对于其背后一个巨大的语言网络的依赖和归附,因而致力于由此而寻找每一言语活动所依循的原则和体制,那么后结构主义则从中看到一条没有尽头的能指链,能指指向被想象为所指的能指,因而表意活动将永远不可能圆满实现。

Swiss linguist Saussure proposed： what verbal signs relate is not thing or name but concept and acoustic im- age. To make clear, when we use signs to signify, we are not pointing to the objective situation out of signs, but we are pointing to the sign we are using. This is the mutual starting point of both structuralism and post - structuralism. If we say that structuralism sees the huge dependence on and submission to language internet from every signifying ac- tivity, and we could say that post - structuralism sees an endless signifier chain. Since signifier points to the imagina- tive signifier, there is no possibility for signifying activity to perfectly actualize.