墨子“非乐”思想新论

A New Argument for Mo-tse's Anti-Music Thought

作为百家争鸣时代的"世之显学",墨子思想对中国传统文化的影响不可谓不深远。梁启超说,墨子是小基督,也是大马克思。墨子思想伟大的地方在于,既被赋予了"天志"的道德律,又有充分的形式逻辑可凭依,这种二元一体的结构看似类宗教,实则更靠近哲学之本,也最能代表先秦诸子的理性气质。在名实关系上,墨子主张"名实合一",且认为实为第一性,名为第二性,无论抽象的知识还是审美的艺术,都随客体之变化而变化,具有充分的相对性。墨子"非乐",正是建立在这种认识论的基础之上。而今,再论其"非乐"之思想,不仅于先秦哲学之研究有意义,于当下文艺形态之重构也有意义。

As a famous school in the era of ＂letting a hundred schools of thought contend＂, Mo-tse＇s thought has profound influences on the Chinese traditional culture. As Liang Qichao said, Mo-tse is Chris- tian and also Marxian. The greatness of Mo-tse＇s thought is not only endowed the moral law of the will of heaven, but also follows the formal logic adequately. This whole binary cultural structure seems to be reli- gious, but in reality, it is closer to the soul of philosophy, and it best represents pre-Qin thinkers＇ rational temperament. In the relationship between existence and consciousness, Mo-tse advocates the unity of ex- istence and consciousness, and he believes the existence is the primary qualities, and the consciousness is secondary. Both the abstract knowledge and aesthetic arts change with the variation of object. Mo-tse＇s ＂anti-music＂ thought is built on the base of this epistemology. Nowadays, the research on Mo-tse＇s ＂anti- music＂ thought is not only meaningful for the study of pre-Qin philosophy, but also significant for the re construction of current literary form.