唐山地区小儿哮喘危险因素分析

Risk factors of pediatric asthma in Tangshan

目的分析唐山地区小儿哮喘发病的危险因素。方法选择2012年1月～2013年12月于华北理工大学附属医院（以下简称＂我院＂）儿科门诊及住院治疗的0～14岁患儿385例为病例组,选取同期来我院就诊的非呼吸道疾病患儿408例为对照组。通过小儿哮喘危险因素问卷调查及相关检查,分析哮喘发病的相关因素;采用Logistic回归分析小儿哮喘的危险因素。结果多因素Logistic回归分析发现,特应性体质、个人过敏史、家族过敏史、家族哮喘史、婴幼儿时期呼吸道感染、婴幼儿时期使用抗生素分别使小儿哮喘的发病危险增加2.85（1.79～4.38）、2.09（1.19～3.74）、1.47（1.09～1.97）、5.39（2.09～8.21）、3.44（1.56～4.95）、2.05（1.04～3.01）倍,而母乳喂养可使小儿哮喘的发病危险降低（OR=0.69,95%CI：0.42～1.18）。结论特应性体质、个人过敏史、家族过敏史、家族哮喘史、婴幼儿时期呼吸道感染、婴幼儿时期使用抗生素是唐山地区儿童哮喘的危险因素,而母乳喂养是保护因素。

Objective To analyze the risk factors of pediatric asthma in Tangshan city. Methods 385 children with asthma from January 2012 to December 2013 in Affiliated Hospital of North China University of Science and Technology（ ＂our hospital＂ for short） were selected as the disease group, and 408 normal children in our hospital at the same period were selected as the control group. All the children were taken questionnaire survey completely, the related factors of pediatric asthma were analyzed; the risk factors of pediatric asthma were analyzed by the multivariate Logistic regression analysis. Results Logistic regression analysis showed that, the risk of pediatric asthma could be increased by atopic allergic constitution, personal history of allergies, family history of allergies, family history of asthma, childhood respiratory infections, childhood use of antibiotics, and the relative risk-OR（95%CI） was 2.85（1.79-4.38）, 2.09（1.19-3.74）, 1.47（1.09-1.97）, 5.39（2.09-8.21）, 3.44（1.56-4.95）, 2.05（1.04-3.01） respectively. Risk of pediatric asthma was decreased by breastfeeding, and the relative risk-OR（95%CI） was 0.69（0.42-1.18）. Conclusion Atopic allergic constitution, personal history of allergies, family history of allergies, family history of asthma, childhood respiratory infections, childhood use of antibiotics can increase the risk of pediatric asthma, and breastfeeding can decrease the risk of pediatric asthma.