论魏晋玄学的自然与名教之辩

Discuss the Debate of Nature and Confucianism in Weijin’s Metaphysics

魏晋时期,原始儒家所追求的理想性、非功利性的名教已经变得虚伪化、矫饰化和功利化。一批具有儒学知识背景的魏晋名士援道入儒,对自然与名教的关系进行辨析。王弼主张＂化名教为自然＂,阮籍、嵇康主张＂越名教而任自然＂,而向秀、郭象则坚持＂名教即自然＂。如果说阮籍、嵇康偏向于自然,裴頠偏向名教一端,那么,王弼、向秀、郭象则处于自然与名教之间。与先秦儒家化自然为名教相对,魏晋名士化名教为自然,并希望最终能够弥合自然与名教之间的紧张,实现二者的同一。

The period of Weijin,the ideal and Non utilitarian Confucianism of Primitive Confucianism had been changed into falsity,pretension,and utility. A batch of famous intellectuals in period of Weijin integrated Dao into Confucianism,and discussed between Nature and Confucianism. Wangbi viewed that Confucianism converted into Nature,Ruanji and Jikang thought that people should transcend Confucianism and indulge in Nature,and Xixiu and Guoxiang insisted on Confucianism is Nature. Ruanji and Jikang inclined to Nature,Peiwei inclined to Confucianism,Wangbi,Xixiu and Guoxiang swing between them. Contrary to primitive Confucianism,the famous intellectuals in period of Weijin mainly viewed that Confucianism is changed into Nature,and hoped to overcome the tension between Nature and Confucianism,and hoped to realize the same between them.